Showing 101–125 of 137 documents
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Arnab Chakraborty, Janaka Jayawickrama
…ors such as malnutrition, diabetes, unplanned urbanization, HIV infection, alcohol use disorders, and smoking. This chapter will argue that achieving global targets for reductions in TB disease burden demands a holistic development based on the harmonious relationship between hum…
Simon Tiberi
…t their lifetime; this increases with immunosuppression and HIV infection. The course of illness is chronic and indolent. However, rapid progression to fulminant disease may result if the host is immunocompromised. Pulmonary TB is the most common and important form of TB because …
Eduarda Rabello, Fernanda de-Paris
…infectious agent worldwide, a burden further exacerbated by HIV co-infection and the increasing prevalence of drug-resistant strains. Although a wide range of laboratory diagnostic methods are currently available, their applicability, implementation, and clinical impact vary subs…
Nandini Gupta, Ramesh K. Goyal, Bhoomika M. Patel
…and the second leading cause of death after COVID-19 (above HIV and AIDS). The high rate of morbidity and mortality associated with this disease is due to the presence of multi-drug-resistant bacterial strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mechanisms of drug resistance for both …
Ranjita Rout, Priyadarsan Parida, Bibhu Prasad, Sonali Dash
…tobacco or are affected by other diseases such as diabetes, HIV, etc. Chest pain, blood in the cough, discomfort when breathing, coughing from three weeks or longer are the general signs of TB. To identify TB, the number of tests, that is, skin, blood, sputum, chest x-ray, etc., …
…ratory infections, diarrhoea, malaria, tuberculosis(TB) and HIV/AIDS are the top 10 causes of death.1 At the currentpace, many health-related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)will not be met in 2030, including premature mortality from noncommunicablediseases, the incidence of …
Charlotte A. Roberts, Peter Davies, Kelly E. Blevins, Anne C. Stone
…e leading cause from a single infectious agent (higher than HIV infection). Classed as a re-emerging infectious disease and a disease of poverty, it has been estimated that 10 million people fell ill with TB in 2019, and there were 1.2 million deaths. Around one-quarter of the po…
Ashfaque Ansari, L. V. Manjusha Bavisetty
…n India, particularly in immune-compromised individuals and HIV patients. Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, It remains the most common infectious disease affecting the lungs in India to date, and can present with various extrapulmonary manifestations. One rare…
Siddharth Sekhar Sethy, Gagan Deep, P V Sudhakar, Tarun Goyal, Pankaj Kandwal, et al.
…ulosis, probably only next to cutaneous tuberculosis in non-HIV patients. Considering the low incidence of primary osteoarticular tuberculosis without pulmonary tuberculosis, we hypothesise that there is an element of tissue-specific immunity against tuberculosis in the body, whi…
A J Hickey, P G Durham, A Dharmadhikari, E A Nardell
Since the 1990s the rising incidence of multiple drug resistant TB, particularly in the context of human immunodeficiency virus co-infected patients, has threatened global TB control. At that time funding agencies began to support formal investigation of aerosol therapy which unt…
Jean de Dieu Iragena, Achilles Katamba, Dissou Affolabi, Moses Joloba, Willy Ssengooba
…s and 404,000 deaths in 2023, including 112,000 people with HIV. There is slow progress with only 42% of the 75% targeted reduction in death by 2025. Out of 60,266 estimated multidrug-resistant TB cases in 2023, only 22,515 were notified. Laboratory diagnostic services in the Afr…
Nicole Hassoun
…y need to fight diseases such as tuberculosis, malaria, and HIV/AIDS. To help extend access to essential medicines, we have to understand the problem. Understanding the impact of key technologies on the global burden of disease is essential for policymakers to extend access to im…
Rajiv Garg, Shubham Shukla, Ravindra Kumar Garg
…fic populations-such as extremes of age, people living with HIV, and elderly individuals-presents additional complexities due to atypical presentations and altered immune responses. This review comprehensively discusses the multifaceted challenges in diagnosing CNS TB and the eme…
Miłosz Parczewski, Christoph Boesecke, Pavel Khaykin, David Jilich, Raluca Pătraşcu, et al.
…, but also specifically affected diagnosis and provision of HIV care. As Ukraine remains the country with the second highest (after Russia) HIV incidence in Europe, the forced migration resulting from the war has required urgent and targeted responses to allow for uninterrupted a…
Luis M Rodríguez-Martínez, Jose L Chavelas-Reyes, Carlo F Medina-Ramírez, Eli Fuentes-Chávez, Zurisaday S Muñoz-Troncoso, et al.
…rban overcrowding, and comorbidities including diabetes and HIV, influence transmission dynamics. We conclude that integrating molecular tools with epidemiological surveillance is crucial for strengthening public health strategies and guiding interventions tailored to Mexico's he…
Yan Ning, Hanlin Liang, Siqiao Liang, Xiaona Liang, Xuemei Huang, et al.
…ith CNS infections. **CASE PRESENTATION:** We report three HIV-negative cases of recurrent disseminated infections including CNS, and AIGAs were measured. All patients had no history of underlying diseases or immunosuppression and presented with fever, cough, and headache. They …
Bijan J. Ghassemieh, Masahiro Narita
…tion, but no evidence is available for its effectiveness in HIV-positive persons. A regimen of 3 months of once weekly INH plus rifapentine (3HP) is also a preferred treatment for adults and children aged >2 years, including HIV-positive persons. However, 3HP is associated with a…
Navnath B Pokale, Anjali Shrivastav, Kanchan K Doke, Bhavesh Kataria, Ritesh Shrivastav, et al.
…cal variables such as age, body mass index (BMI), symptoms, HIV status and socio-economic factors capture risk information absent from images. Appending clinical scores to radiologic outputs raised the area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve from around 0.72-0.78 t…
Debbie Latupeirissa
The global commitment to end HIV mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) by 2030 is a historic moment in public health. Despite significant advances in preventive techniques and the broad availability of antiretroviral medication/therapy (ART), a number of challenges remain in achiev…
Anjali Dhote, Vikas Kawishwar
…. In India, about 2.1 million individuals are infected with HIV each year, and around 0.35 million people are sick with tuberculosis, which is the leading cause of mortality [1]. Given the severity of tuberculosis infection, early detection is critical in reducing morbidity and m…
Linda Petrone, Alessandra Aiello, Saeid Najafi-Fard, Delia Goletti
…ain limited. Overall, poor glycaemic control, advanced age, HIV-infection, chronic kidney disease, and immunosuppressive therapy can reduce test sensitivity, leading to false negative scores and underdiagnosis. Further research is needed to clarify these effects and guide WHO pre…
P. Jacob Bueno de Mesquita
…hest contributors of malaria (53.6 [27.0–91.3] million) and HIV (52.1 [47.0–60.9] million) [3]. The emergence of effective antibiotic therapies in the middle of the twentieth century shifted the burden of disease toward communities with lower access to treatment regiments, while …
Daniel Mashiach, Justin Shon, Raquel Mashiach, Gregory Ayzenberg, Osnat Barazani, et al.
…ify populations at heightened risk, including children with HIV, malnutrition, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and congenital or treatment-related immunosuppression. Ongoing challenges in diagnosis and treatment are discussed, including limitations of existing microbiologic and immunol…
Adewale V Aderemi, Matthew Snee
… of drug-resistant cases, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection. Managing this disease requires the development of new anti-mycobacterial agents. Here, the potential of targeting a group of Mtb enzymes that utilize the rare deazaflavin cofactor, F, for new anti-tube…
Edson Mambuque, Ana Del Amo-de Palacios, Samuel G Huete, Charissa C Marsh, Grant Theron, et al.
…splantation, which has been shown to be safe in people with HIV on stable ART) to mitigate drug toxicity or enhance immune recovery. Key priorities include methodological standardization, confounder control, mechanistic studies, and the inclusion of high-burden settings. By movin…