Showing 26–50 of 137 documents
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Shixiong He, Changjiao Luan, Jiaqi Gao, Feng Lu, Fang Tian, et al.
…ed globally in 2023, of which 662,000 were co-infected with HIV, and the risk of death in patients with TB-HIV co-infections with HIV is three times higher than in patients with TB alone. Such co-infections significantly increase the complexity of the disease and the difficulty o…
Peter J Kitonsa, Devan Jaganath
…berculosis (TB), especially among children co-infected with HIV, remains a significant global health challenge. Traditional sputum-based diagnostics are less effective in this population due to difficulties in sample collection and paucibacillary disease, necessitating alternativ…
Nilufar Rakhmanova Pollard, Igor Semenenko, Uliana Snidevych, Emily Keyes, Roman Yorick, et al.
… use quality improvement (QI) methods to raise the rates of HIV counseling and testing (HCT) offered to all clients tested for tuberculosis (TB). With a population of close to 67,500, Chervonograd has a higher number of drug users than the rest of the country. State statistics re…
Deepak V. Sawant, Shivaji H. Pawar
…ions, where diagnosing of latent TB, drug-resistant TB, and HIV co-infected, pediatric TB remains still a challenge. There are so many low sensitive conventional TB diagnosis methods are available which are responsible for delay in early-stage TB diagnosis. There is an urgent dem…
Akihiro Ohkado, Seiya Kato
…g countries. Major global challenges for TB control include HIV-associated TB, multidrug-resistant TB, migrant issues, and the elderly population. Since the 1990s, the World Health Organization (WHO) has strengthened TB control with the DOTS strategy, followed by the Stop TB Stra…
Charisse Mandimika, Gerald Friedland
…vances and challenges in the prevention and treatment of TB/HIV disease. Drug-susceptible and drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemics are a consequence of reactivation of latent TB infection (LTBI), treatment-related amplification of TB r…
Kshitij Agarwal, Adam T Gray, Tudor P Toma, Valentina Luzzi, Lorenzo Corbetta
…ly in the context of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and TB-HIV co-infection. Traditional surgical interventions, such as lung resection and pneumothorax induction, have largely been phased out with the advent of modern antibiotic regimens. However, emerging evidence suggests tha…
Patrick Howlett, Robert J. Wilkinson, Ben J. Marais
…linical features, Diagnosis, Tuberculosis treatment, TB and HIV, TB in Children, Treatment regimens, Multi-drug resistant and extensively drug resistant TB , Lessons learned in TB treatment and control
Andrew D Kerkhoff, Jason Zucker, Diane V Havlir
…erculosis and other opportunistic infections in people with HIV. High mortality rate among people with HIV hospitalized with disseminated tuberculosis (TB) and among those treated for drug-resistant TB represents a major clinical challenge. Intensified TB treatment in one trial a…
Charles Lukanga Kimera, Fredrick Sinyinza, Linda Ndesipandula Lukolo
…suffering and death for many years. Until the 1980s, before HIV, TB was the leading cause of death among infectious diseases. A 23-year-old nulliparous woman presented to our gynaecology clinic with post-coital bleeding and irregular menstrual periods. Review of her medical and s…
Salah Al Awaidy, Faryal Khamis, Sami Al Mujeini, Jameela Al Salman, Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
…arying degrees of success in controlling drug-resistant TB. HIV-TB co-infection rates was highest in United Arab Emirates (5.4%) and Bahrain (5.1%), followed by Saudi Arabia (2.3%), Oman (1.4%), Qatar (0.6%), and Kuwait (0.5%). Notably, the GCC countries reported zero TB househol…
Wiwiek Setiowulan, redi rulandani, Helmy Rachman
…(LTBI) but overdiagnosed as TB disease. Due to the negative HIV status of the patient, TB prophylaxis is not indicated. Therefore, reintroduction of ATT was contraindicated, which led to lack identification of specific drug causing DRESS in this case.
Pierre Goussard, Ernst Eber, Lisa Frigati, Leonore Greybe, Shyam Sunder B Venkatakrishna, et al.
…he burden of infectious diseases like tuberculosis (TB) and HIV, and the expertise and equipment available. TB diagnosis in children remains challenging due to the paucibacillary nature of the disease and its overlap with other infectious diseases like actinomycosis and echinococ…
Yang Cui, Haoran Li, Tianhui Liu, Rujie Zhong, Jiaying Guo, et al.
…rug-resistant TB and increased human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) co-infection further exacerbate TB control efforts. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) achieves highly heterogeneous infection outcomes (active disease, latency, or clearance) through immune evasion and host metabolic…
Lara Beth Gadkowski, Connie A. Haley
In patients with HIV infection, tuberculosis (TB) can present at any CD4 T-cell count, with a diversity of pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations. Because TB is spread via a respiratory route and may rapidly progress if untreated, providers should maintain a high level of su…
Anna Starshinova, Igor Kudryavtsev, Artem Rubinstein, Irina Dovgalyuk, Anastasia Kulpina, et al.
…ctions involving mucous membranes, including salmonellosis, HIV, and acute viral respiratory infections. It is essential to investigate the role of BCG in various applications; however, this exploration should not detract from its main protective benefits against tuberculosis (TB…
Yi Hao Wong, Hai Tarng Chong, Ting Huey Hu, Catherine Wei Min Ong
…r potential benefits in TB-associated comorbidities such as HIV and diabetes mellitus, and key findings from randomized controlled trials. However, transitioning these agents into standard clinical practice requires large-scale, stratified Phase III trials. Integrating HDTs along…
Mariana Vieira, Pedro Barbosa, João Pedro Ramos, Marta Castro, Dulce Torres, et al.
…re system interactions, and the dual stigma associated with HIV co-infection significantly exacerbated TB-related stigma experiences. Factors such as social support, patient-provider communication, and prior TB experience emerged as protective against stigma. Findings underscore …
Christopher Dye
… especially co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); and mitigate the large number of weaker TB risks that have co-benefits for other health conditions (diabetes, undernutrition) and for society more widely (homelessness, crowding). Vaccination is the ultimate, trans…
Gordon Wells, Chaima Hkimi, Lyndon Zass, Judit Kumuthini
…re a dual challenge of TB and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection contributes to over 50% of cases. This chapter on TB explores the role and emergence of precision medicine as a pivotal player in the pursuit of more effective TB treatment. This exploration is particul…
Mohammed Eltahir Abdelhag, Husham E Homeida, Ogail Yousif Dawod, Abuzer Abdalla, Alfadil Ahmed Hamdan, et al.
…of IL-6 and IFN-γ, having had TB earlier than, having HIV at the same time, and gene expression styles connected to immune law were some of the most important elements used to make predictions. The version worked the equal method for all subgroups that have been separated v…
Tobias Broger, Mark P. Nicol, Rita Székely, Stephanie Bjerrum, Bianca Sossen, et al.
…tory approval, lack of coordination between national TB and HIV programs, and small perceived patient population size.
Md Ferdous Rahman, Md Sharful Islam Khan, M Mamun Huda, Utpal K Mondal, Muhammad J A Shiddiky, et al.
…Global Fund program, launched in 2002, focuses on combating HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis (TB), and malaria. To date, it has mobilized over US$ 65 billion across 120 countries, contributing to saving more than 65 million lives. In Bangladesh, the Global Fund has played a pivotal role in…
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs
…ed global life expectancy, derailed progress towards ending HIV, tuberculosis (TB) and malaria, and halted two decades of work towards making health coverage universal. As a result, immunization coverage dropped for the first time in 10 years, and deaths from TB and malaria incre…
Yagnang Vyas
…n severe cases, dyspnea. Manifestations of pleural TB among HIV individuals depend on the CD4 count. A chest radiograph is the initial mode of investigation and is confirmed by USG thorax. Pleural fluid analysis helps in diagnosing and ruling out other causes of pleural TB. Level…