CROI 2026: Tuberculosis and Other Infectious Complications in People With HIV.

The 2026 Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI) featured numerous studies on tuberculosis and other opportunistic infections in people with HIV. High mortality rate among people with HIV hospitalized with disseminated tuberculosis (TB) and among those treated for drug-resistant TB represents a major clinical challenge. Intensified TB treatment in one trial and adjunctive prednisone in another failed to reduce mortality in hospitalized people with HIV with disseminated TB. In addition, a novel higher-dose linezolid dosing strategy did not improve culture conversion in drug-resistant TB. Recommended options for TB prevention are increasing, and include 1-month daily (1HP) and 3-month weekly (3HP) isoniazid-rifapentine regimens. Two head-to-head trials comparing 1HP and 3HP found comparable efficacy, although 1HP was associated with lower treatment completion rate and greater treatment intolerance. These and other key findings from TB, mpox, and other opportunistic infection-related studies are summarized herein.