Showing 1–25 of 50 documents
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Inayati Inayati, Qori’atul Putri Nurmala, Hasto Nugroho
Multidrugs Resistant-Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) caused by drugs resistant at least Isoniazid and Rifampicin Mycobacterium tuberculosis affects tuberculosis cases eradication efforts in the world.In 2014, 153 countries had reported MDR TB cases.MDR-TB can be caused by irregularity in t…
Phool Chandra, Prashant Kumar, Surya Nath Pandey, Manoj Kumar Bisht
Tuberculosis (TB), developed by the Gram-positive bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is the prominent cause of demise globally due to high antibiotic resistance. Approximately 1.5 million people deceased of TB in 2020 worldwide. The causative pathogen of tuberculosis spreads m…
Xue‐Song Xiong, Qin Zhu, Zhan-Zhong Liu, Ting-Ting Huang, Jin-Bin Fan, et al.
…thogens in the genus Mycobacterium, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) complex, nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), and Mycobacterium leprae. Tuberculosis caused by M. tuberculosis has become the leading cause of death of a single infectious disease after novel coronavirus…
Christian W. McMillen
Abstract Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, emerged in Africa about seventy thousand years ago. It accompanied modern humans on their migrations out of Africa, across the Indian Ocean, and then into Eurasia. Tuberculosis affects almost all parts of the body. Its …
Mani Sharma, Sakshi Kansal
Tuberculosis is the second most fatal infectious disease after AIDS. It is caused by the mycobacterium tuberculosis. There are numerous factors responsible for the emergence of multi-drug resistance and extensively drug resistance cases of tuberculosis, which involves high pill b…
Rafael Laniado-Laborín
One-third of the world's population is infected with M. tuberculosis. It is from this vast pool of infected people where the new cases of active disease originate. Most of these cases of latent infection are found in low-income countries where national tuberculosis programs conce…
Aan Sutandi, Martika Hijriani, Apriana Rahmawati, Harizza Pertiwi
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is defined as tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains resistant to at least isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RMP), confirmed through drug sensitivity testing or rapid molecular diagnostics (e.g., GeneXpert).Due to this re…
Benson Olu Akinshipe, Anthony Chukwuka Nwaobi, Emmanuel Babatunde Adedeji, Friday Alfred Ehiaghe, Herbert Obi Okpala
Host immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTb) is mediated by cellular immunity in which cytokines and MTb-specific T cells play an important role. The detection of MTb and discrimination between different states of MTb infection is possible by immunodiagnostic tes…
Priya Shrivastava, Laxmikant Gautam, Anamika Jain, Nikhar Vishwakarma, Sonal Vyas, et al.
…an relations. Antibiotic resistant strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis have threatened the progress in management and control of worldwide epidemic of tuberculosis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis intrinsically resists many antimicrobials, limiting the number of compounds available …
K. Tamreihao, Saikat Mukherjee, Debananda S. Ningthoujam, Subhra Saikat Roy
…ation is infected with a deadly communicable disease called Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A majority of this infected population is confined in South-East Asia, especially India. With the emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains through the seque…
Gloria Guillermina Guerrero Manríquez
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTb). TB causes mortality of millions of people every year. Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette Güerin (BCG) is the only officially approved vaccine that protects against miliary TB and children bu…
Tatiana Chiriac, Evelina Lesnic, Serghei Ghindă, Ludmila Rudi, Liliana Cepoi
…ocytes collected form 65 patients, new cases with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). The patients were distributed in the main study group, which included 34 cases with multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), divided in the 1st study group with 12 cases with primary drug-resistance and the 2n…
Keertan Dheda, Aliasgar Esmail, Anzaan Dippenaar, Robin M. Warren, Jennifer Furin, et al.
…ology, diagnosis, and clinical management of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). Tuberculosis (TB) is far from eradicated and remains the foremost single infectious disease killer worldwide. Molecular epidemiology has played an important role in advancing our understanding of DR…
Mange Ram Yadav, Dushyant V. Patel, Divya Teli, Hiral Shah
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a substantial challenge for public health globally, impacting millions of individuals around the world. Despite extensive efforts to control the disease, it continues to pose a major public health challenge, involving therapeutic implications for multi-d…
Andy Setiawan, Pramudya Pramudya, Hasyrin Ainun
Multidrug resistance tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a form of tuberculosis bacterial resistance to at least two first-line anti-TB treatments, isoniazid and rifampicin, the two most effective TB medications.Treatment of Drug Resistant TB is set to be part of the national TB Control pro…
Andy Setiawan, Pramudya Pramudya, Hasyrin Ainun
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) represents a strain of TB bacteria that exhibits resistance to a minimum of two primary anti-TB medications: Isoniazid and Rifampicin, both of which are regarded as the most potent drugs for combating TB.The management of drug-resistant T…
Ankush Parmar, Tanzeer Kaur, Shweta Sharma
Tuberculosis (TB) holds a central and deadly platform around the globe, affecting mankind with around one-third of the world being affected by latent TB. TB progresses in the body through inhalation process and has a critical discrimination in terms of affecting individuals depen…
Gordon Wells, Chaima Hkimi, Lyndon Zass, Judit Kumuthini
Abstract Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis , remains a significant global health challenge, in particular, in the African continent. In 2020, Africa accounted for 25% of new TB cases, with 14 African countries ranking among the top 30 in terms of TB burden. …
Jesús Gonzalo‐Asensio, Nacho Aguiló, Dessislava Marinova, Carlos Martı́n
Tuberculosis (TB) is the biggest killer of humanity. TB has killed more human beings than any other infectious disease in history, with an estimated loss of over a billion lives in the past 200 years (1). Despite effective treatment, in the WHO 2016 there were an estimated 10.4 m…
Nandini Gupta, Ramesh K. Goyal, Bhoomika M. Patel
Tuberculosis (TB) is the 13th leading cause of death worldwide and the second leading cause of death after COVID-19 (above HIV and AIDS). The high rate of morbidity and mortality associated with this disease is due to the presence of multi-drug-resistant bacterial strains of Myco…
Carlos Acuña-Villaorduña, Anna Vassall, Germán Henostroza, Carlos Seas, Humberto Guerra, et al.
Background: Resistance to commonly used anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs is emerging worldwide. Conventional drug susceptibility tests (DST) are slow and demanding. Alternative, rapid DST methods would permit the early detection of drug resistance and in turn arrest TB transmission. …
Jean‐Paul Gaudillière, C Gradmann, A Mcdowell
This chapter discusses two local histories of tuberculosis (TB) to bridge gaps between history and anthropology in global health. Outlining TB’s resurgent interest within the two disciplines from about 1990, the chapter shows that historiographic concern for TB, although limited,…
Binh Nguyen, Greg J. Fox, Paul H. Mason, Justin T. Denholm
Abstract Multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has a substantial impact on individuals and communities globally, including lengthy, expensive and burdensome therapy with high rates of treatment failure and death. Strategies to prevent disease are well established for those wh…
Rajender Kumar, Apurva Sood, Harmandeep Singh, Bhagwant Rai Mittal
Amongst, extrapulmonary tuberculosis, the abdominal involvement is an important type that may present with nonspecific clinical features. It is considered a mimicker of many other gastrointestinal pathologies; hence it poses a significant diagnostic challenge leading to delayed d…
Simon Tiberi, Temi Lampejo, Alimuddin Zumla
Rifampicin-resistant Tuberculosis (RR-TB) and Multidrug resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) are a current global health threat, and are characterised by high mortality, chronic sequelae, complexity and high cost. The drug resistant form of this infectious disease was globally respons…