Showing 176–200 of 200 documents
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Dara, Masoud, Gozalov, Ogtay, World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe
…arters Global TB Programme and from the Joint Tuberculosis, HIV and Viral Hepatitis Programme of the WHO Regional Office for Europe. Based on the discussions of the three-day meeting, a set of recommendations were proposed for WHO and partners.
Ted Lankester
…tensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB, and of co-infection with HIV. It describes the ongoing value of the DOTS strategy (Directly Observed Treatment-short course) and the limited value of the current BCG vaccine. The chapter emphasizes ways to reduce infection such as strict control…
Chisompola NK, Streicher EM, Muchemwa CMK, Warren RM, Sampson SL
…g resistant TB is seen in countries further experiencing an HIV epidemic. The molecular mechanisms of drug resistance as well as the evolution of drug resistant TB strains have been widely studied using various genotyping tools. The study aimed to analyse the drug resistant linea…
Varshney K, Anaele B, Molaei M, Frasso R, Maio V
…f TB. Other risk factors were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a history of incarceration, low body mass, being a smoker, alcohol use, unemployment, being male, and being middle-aged. Knowledge and understanding of the risk factors associated with poor outcomes of XDR-TB can h…
Olena Oliveira, Rita Gaio, Teresa Rito, Margarida Correia‐Neves, Raquel Duarte
… died in the first 3 months of treatment, 36% of which were HIV-positive injecting drug users. Among XDR-TB patients, the death rate was 24%. Incarceration (OR 3.30; 95% CI 1.10–9.87) was the risk factor associated with death. Twelve (75%) prisoners were also injecting drug users…
Naidu T, Pillay SR, Ramlall S, Mthembu SS, Padayatchi N, et al.
…ard TB, and 3) community and 4) patient perspectives toward HIV. A major depressive episode (MDE), HIV coinfection, and low income were significantly associated with greater stigma subscales. Based on an adjusted regression model, the MDE was the only factor independently associa…
Zulfiya Haybullo Tilloeva, Roberta Horth, A. S. Mirzoev, Rajabali Sharifov, Dilyara Nabirova, et al.
…nd 14% pre-XDR TB (Table 1). Also, 16% had diabetes, 8% had HIV, and 4% had hepatitis B and C. The median number of days from MDR-TB diagnosis to treatment initiation was 3 days (IQR: 1-7 days, Max: 225 days). Half (49%) experienced treatment delays. Proportion with delay was hig…
Mondoni M, Centanni S, Sotgiu G
…ice, the expected decline in incidence has been hampered by HIV epidemics and multi- and extensively drug-resistant TB. During the pre-antibiotic era, TB therapies were mainly based on improving hygiene conditions, strengthening the immune system, and targeting the rest of the af…
Abdul JBPAA, Adegbite BR, Ndanga MED, Edoa JR, Mevyann RC, et al.
…agnosed drug-resistant tuberculosis patients; one-third was HIV-positive. The proportion of men with RR-TB was significantly higher than that of women (55% vs 45%; p Conclusion The increasing incidence of MDR-TB infection in Gabon is alarming. It is highest in the 25-35 years age…
Brown TS, Challagundla L, Baugh EH, Omar SV, Mustaev A, et al.
…of this strain concurrent with the onset of the generalized HIV epidemic 12 y prior to 2005, localize its geographic origin to a location in northeastern KwaZulu-Natal ∼400 km away from the site of the 2005 outbreak, and use protein structural modeling to propose a mechanism for …
World Health Organization. Regional Office for South-East Asia
…a threat to global public health security. In areas of high HIV prevalence, the potential for increased transmission of MDR-TB is high. Considerable efforts are required to expand the capacity of countries, including strong planning to adequately respond to this challenge. All ac…
David Kajoba Mumena, Geoffrey Kwenda, Caroline Ngugi, Andrew Nyerere
…terrupted supply, stock-outs, inadequate infection control, HIV co-infection, spontaneous mutations, and chromosomal replication errors. Global TB targets have gone off-track and years of progress reversed due to DR-TB and the COVID-19 pandemic. Treatment failure, death and costs…
Mase S, Chorba T, Parks S, Belanger A, Dworkin F, et al.
…B, and 9/13 (69%) were smear positive. One patient (7%) had HIV coinfection, 5 (36%) had diabetes mellitus, and 5/14 (36%) had previous treatment TB. All patients were non-US-born and 5/14 (36%) had private insurance. All patients achieved sputum culture conversion within a mean …
Olenga Olenga
…ssociated with higher case fatality rates, especially among HIV-infected patients, and is much more difficult and costlier to treat than drug susceptible TB. Namibia is the country with the fourth highest TB burden in the world. The incidence rate in 2015 was 651/100 000. Multidr…
Alemu A, Bitew ZW, Worku T, Gamtesa DF, Alebel A
… 1.24,2.24, I2;37.3%, RR = 1.60, 95%CI;1.13,2.07, I2;0.0%), HIV co-infection (HR = 2.15, 95%CI;1.69,2.61, I2; 48.2%, RR = 1.49, 95%CI;1.27,1.72, I2;19.5%), TB history (HR = 1.30,95%CI;1.06,1.54, I2;64.6%), previous second-line anti-TB treatment (HR = 2.52, 95% CI;2.15,2.88, I2;0.…
Märtson AG, Burch G, Ghimire S, Alffenaar JC, Peloquin CA
…TB and renal or liver impairment, patients co-infected with HIV or hepatitis, and special patient populations - children and pregnant women. Expert opinion TB treatment has a long history of using 'one size fits all.' This has contributed to treatment failures, treatment relapses…
Emranul Kabir, Mahbub Alam, Md Ismail Haque
…therapies, but challenges like toxicities, drug resistance, HIV incompatibility, and lack of knowledge about drug processes persist. TB remains one of the most prevalent infectious diseases globally, impacting millions annually. It has led to the spread of multidrug-resistant str…
Shirong Li, Emmanuel Mensah, Min Liu, Lingling Pan, Wei Lu, et al.
…creasing markedly, particularly in Eastern and Central SSA. HIV co-infection amplified MDR/XDR-TB mortality, with Southern SSA most affected. Age- and sex-specific analyses revealed early-adulthood incidence peaks, male predominance in mortality and DALYs, and the highest MDR-TB …
Ashebir Legesse
…hiopia and other African Countries where high prevalence of HIV has further compounded this problem leading to resurgence of TB. Moreover, the emergence of MDR- and XDR-TB coupled with inefficient diagnosis is a major challenge to TB control leading to TB being one of the major p…
Pakeeraiah K, Chinchilli KK, Dandela R, Paidesetty SK
…his causative bacterium in its dominant form. The spread of HIV and the development of resistance to both multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) aggravates the spread of the disease and needs novel drugs which combat this disease effectively. T…
Utpat KV, Rajpurohit R, Desai U
…(4.6%), renal disorders in 2 (3.1%) while thyroid disorder, HIV and thalassemia in 1 each (1.5%). Conclusion EPDR-TB forms a small but significant proportion of total DR-TB. Lymph node DR-TB is its most common subclass. Our study emphasises the momentousness and essentiality of b…
Bhering M, Duarte R, Kritski A
…d with unfavourable outcome and default. Bilateral disease, HIV positive, and comorbidities were associated with death. XDR-TB cases had a 4.7-fold higher odds of an unfavourable outcome, with 29.3% of such cases being not treated for multidrug resistance in the past. Conclusion …
K C Ananth Kumar, Adwaita Nair, Shreya Sharma, Deepika Singh, Shivam Yadav, et al.
…he primary driver of AMR-related deaths, particularly among HIV co-infected individuals. A significant challenge lies in TB's resistance to β-lactam antibiotics, the most widely used class, comprising about 65% of global antibiotic consumption. This resistance is driven by …
Sergey Evgenievich Borisov, Alexey Filippov, I. N. Danilova, Sergey Kosenkov
… MDR TB cases formed the aggregate cohort (1387 pts, adult, HIV-negative, started treatment in 2014 Jan – 2016 Dec), includes 294 pts on the core combination [Bdq Lnz Mox/Lev Cyclo] with 1-2 other drugs (“modern regimen” – MR) and 1093 pts on “optimized basic regimen” (OBR) by cu…
Jingxian Ning, Rong Wang, Yuchen Pan, Xinru Fei, Wenxin Jiang, et al.
…rly unfavorable survival outcomes. Patients coinfected with HIV and tuberculosis (TB/HIV) consistently showed very short survival times, whereas individuals with pneumoconiosis but without tuberculosis had substantially longer survival compared to those with both conditions. Life…