Showing 151–175 of 184 documents
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Seungwha Paik, Soohyun Um, In Soo Kim, Eun-Jin Park, Kyung Tae Kim, et al.
… therapeutic strategy that may complement conventional drug regimens or help mitigate drug resistance in various infectious diseases. However, it remains largely unclear whether these effects are mediated by direct modulation of autophagy or indirectly through associated mechanis…
Jamal Hassan Mohamoud
…stics, multimodal adherence support, shorter all-oral DR-TB regimens, and integration of TB services with nutrition and humanitarian support. Strengthening health system resilience and prioritizing vulnerable populations are essential for sustaining improvements in TB treatment o…
Li Huang, Hao Li
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are standard care for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), yet patients with active tuberculosis (TB) are consistently excluded from clinical trials. Furthermore, data guiding the use of dual PD-1/CTLA-4 blockade in the presence of mult…
Mohd Shariq, Javaid Ahmad Sheikh, Anwar Alam, Nasreen Z Ehtesham, Seyed E Hasnain
…global health challenge, exacerbated by prolonged treatment regimens, variable vaccine efficacy, and the emergence of drug-resistant strains. Beyond conventional pathogen-targeted antibiotics, increasing attention has focused on host-directed therapies (HDTs) that aim to enhance …
Andrew D Kerkhoff, Jason Zucker, Diane V Havlir
… daily (1HP) and 3-month weekly (3HP) isoniazid-rifapentine regimens. Two head-to-head trials comparing 1HP and 3HP found comparable efficacy, although 1HP was associated with lower treatment completion rate and greater treatment intolerance. These and other key findings from TB,…
Cender U Quispe-Juli, Jorge A Gallardo-Cartagena, Larissa Otero, Bruno B Andrade, Julio Croda, et al.
…ion of preventive strategies using shorter, rifamycin-based regimens for TB preventive therapy and long-acting injectables for HIV prevention are still a challenge in the South American region. In this report, we discuss opportunities to accelerate TB and HIV prevention in the re…
Adrian R Martineau
…vitamin D deficiency at baseline, use of sub-optimal dosing regimens, contamination bias, type 2 error, operation of factors that may have masked, attenuated or antagonized vitamin D-inducible responses, redundancy and inadequate outcome ascertainment.
Christian S Carnero Canales, Jessica Ingrid Marquez Cazorla, Renzo Marianito Marquez Cazorla, Aline Martins Dos Santos, Jonatas Lobato Duarte, et al.
…of latent infections within granulomas. Current therapeutic regimens are limited by long treatment durations, drug resistance, and significant socioeconomic burdens. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have emerged as promising alternatives because of their broad-spectrum activity and …
Matteo Capobianco, Francesco Cappellani, Federico Visalli, Alessandro Avitabile, Giuseppe Gagliano, et al.
Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis (PKC) goes beyond limbal nodules. This pediatric ocular surface condition caused by delayed-type hypersensitivity to microbial antigens. The trigger is context-dependent: Mycobacterial antigens in tuberculosis-endemic areas; staphylococcal eyelid…
Moorine P Sekadde, Silvia S Chiang, Annemieke Brands, Martina Casenghi, Chishala Chabala, et al.
…rventions, particularly in relation to diagnostics, shorter regimens, and tuberculous meningitis. With recently reduced tuberculosis research funding, these principles and priorities will focus research efforts to maximise clinical and public health impact.
Xiaoyun Du, Keqing Shi, Hao Zhang, Yingzhi Chong
…atients and prescribing functionally inadequate therapeutic regimens. Further, the presence of heteroresistance significantly correlates with diminished treatment efficacy and an increased likelihood of unfavorable outcomes. Importantly, the precise clinical significance of low-f…
Radha Gopalaswamy, Selvakumar Subbian
…n optimizing individualized therapy, particularly for novel regimens incorporating bedaquiline, pretomanid, and linezolid. Moreover, we underscore the diagnostic limitations in detecting heteroresistance and early-stage disease, advocating for expanded deployment of advanced and …
Dalin Di, Chun'e Gao, Yonggen Deng, Yuxia Li, Yanyan Zhang
…protection against TB in adults and the current therapeutic regimens for TB are constrained by prolonged treatment cycles and the emergence of drug-resistant strains. Consequently, the role of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in anti-TB immunity has increasingly garnered attention. The…
Sean Ekins, Thomas R Lane, Jason T Wong
…all panel of approved drugs and to devise shorter treatment regimens. Within the last 20 years, we have seen an increased focus on using cheminformatics-based approaches to understand the properties of() active molecules and machine learning algorithms to subsequently learn from …
Kshitij Agarwal, Adam T Gray, Tudor P Toma, Valentina Luzzi, Lorenzo Corbetta
…argely been phased out with the advent of modern antibiotic regimens. However, emerging evidence suggests that endobronchial interventions, specifically the use of unidirectional valves, have potential in supporting the treatment of MDR-TB. The objective of this review is to demo…
Nathan He, Kevin Dong, William Lee, Horacio Bach
…s primarily treated with prolonged multidrug anti-bacterial regimens, though drug resistance poses a threat. Recent advancements in nanomedicine have created new opportunities to utilize lipid-based nanocarriers to improve treatment outcomes and overcome the physical limitations …
Yan Zhang, Dian Yuan, Hua-Li Wang, Chao-Qiong Zhou, Yan-Qun Liu, et al.
…mpicin (RIF), a cornerstone of first-line anti-TB treatment regimens, plays a pivotal role in TB therapy. The emergence of rifampicin resistance (RR) necessitates significant adjustments in treatment strategies. Therefore, determining Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) resistance t…
Christian Kraef, Ole Kirk
…nce and poor outcomes; meanwhile, new shorter (all-oral) TB regimens and diagnostic innovations offer major advances, but their impact is uncertain due to unequal access and emerging drug resistance. **SUMMARY:** Addressing TB/HIV co-infection in the WHO European region requires…
Surendra Kumar Sharma, Vishwanath Upadhyay, Alladi Mohan
…y molecular tools and species/subspecies specific treatment regimens, current practice enables more precise, timely, and patient-centered management of NTM disease.
Ignacio Monedero-Recuero, Xiaolin Wei, Fabienne Jouberton, Raquel Duarte, María Rodríguez-Ortega, et al.
…es. Innovative approaches, such as molecular tests, shorter regimens and patient-centred approaches, have achieved higher success rates. Information on vulnerable populations, including internally displaced persons, prisoners and children, remains minimal. Only one country had re…
John Dawi, Scarlet Affa, Stefanie Au, Yura Misakyan, Edgar Gonzalez, et al.
…viduals receiving complex antiretroviral and antitubercular regimens, with gastrointestinal discomfort being the most commonly reported adverse effect and serious toxicities remaining rare. Despite encouraging findings, translation into routine clinical practice remains limited b…
Gavin J Churchyard, Susan Swindells, Amita Gupta, N Sarita Shah, Michael Hughes, et al.
…cin for 6 months in MDR-TB exposed contacts. Novel, shorter regimens in development will usher in a new era for the treatment of MDR-TB infection if shown to be safe and efficacious.
Katherine Timboe, J Brooks Jackson, Greta L Becker
…re focused on developing shorter, safer, and more effective regimens that incorporate both new and repurposed agents for the treatment of TB. This narrative review provides an overview of current and emerging treatment options for drug-susceptible, drug-resistant, and latent TB b…
Rui Yang, Zhu Jin, Xueli Jin, Yiming Li, Decheng Wang, et al.
…wever, prolonged use of tuberculocidal drugs in combination regimens may induce hepatotoxicity, ranging from asymptomatic serum transaminase elevation to acute liver failure, which often necessitates treatment discontinuation. Antituberculosis drug-induced liver injury (AT-DILI) …
Alessandra Manca, Andrea Calcagno, Antonio D'Avolio, Jessica Cusato
**BACKGROUND:** Tuberculosis (TB) treatment relies on a prolonged first-line antibiotic regimen, including isoniazid, rifampicin (RF), ethambutol (EMB), and pyrazinamide.Pharmacogenetics plays a crucial role in optimizing TB treatment by addressing individual variability in drug …