Showing 151–175 of 200 documents
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Charisse Mandimika, Gerald Friedland
…allenges in the prevention and treatment of TB/HIV disease. Drug-susceptible and drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemics are a consequence of reactivation of latent TB infection (LTBI), treatment-related amplification of TB resistance mut…
Alessandro Stamilla, Deborah Recchia, Giovanni Stelitano, Ludovica Maci, Maria Concetta Marturano, et al.
…ysiology, diverse clinical manifestations, and growing multidrug resistance. The global rise of drug-resistant Mtb strains has prompted the search for innovative genetic and molecular strategies to accelerate drug discovery and vaccine development. Progress in Mtb research has lo…
Coad Thomas Dow, Liam Obaid
…ulmonary inflammation, and synergized with standard anti-TB drugs to enhance bacterial clearance. Additionally, DHEA and its analogues have demonstrated direct antimycobacterial activity, likely by interfering with Mtb mycolic acid synthesis, a property BEA is believed to share. …
Li Chunxiao, Fan Junsheng, Chen Xuerong, Wang Xiaomin, Lu Shuihua
…s (TB) remains a major global public health challenge, with drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) presenting a serious threat to TB management. Conventional treatment faces challenges such as significant drug toxicity, frequent emergence of drug resistance, and compromised host imm…
Ravindra Kumar Garg
…boptimal for central nervous system involvement due to poor drug penetration and prolonged treatment. Emerging resistance, particularly to rifampicin and isoniazid, further complicates the management. **AREAS COVERED:** This review synthesizes recent data particularly on diagnos…
Wenbing Cheng, Xiangyang Yang, Dengfeng Yang, Ting Zhang, Liguang Tian, et al.
…elopment of livestock husbandry. Although there are certain drug-based treatment methods, with the widespread application of drugs, various parasites are gradually developing drug resistance. Natural products are highly favored by researchers due to their characteristics such as …
Agata Maciejak-Jastrzębska, Grażyna Sygitowicz, Sylwia Brzezińska, Kinga Bielska, Ewa Augustynowicz-Kopeć
…haracteristic features of mycobacteria is their exceptional resistance to environmental factors and their slow growth rate, both of which significantly prolong microbiological diagnostics. Due to the mortality rate and the rising prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB) and ext…
Tayla Williamson, Jack Adderley, Kylie Quinn, Taane G Clark, Sharon R Lewin, et al.
Antimicrobial resistance is one of the major health challenges of this century. Here, we provide an in-depth perspective on the evolution of antimicrobial resistance in three globally relevant infectious diseases, HIV, tuberculosis (TB), and malaria. Specifically, we scrutinize t…
Nathan He, Kevin Dong, William Lee, Horacio Bach
…monary disease and is primarily treated with prolonged multidrug anti-bacterial regimens, though drug resistance poses a threat. Recent advancements in nanomedicine have created new opportunities to utilize lipid-based nanocarriers to improve treatment outcomes and overcome the p…
Terry E. Robinson, Jane Scullion
…tigations are all covered. The treatment phase and standard drug therapies are shown, and directly observed therapy for the patient with an increased risk of poor adherence is described. Mono-resistant, multidrug-resistant, and extensively drug-resistant types are included in thi…
Vidya Mave, Mandar Paradkar, Francesca Conradie, Amita Gupta, Anchalee Avihingsanon, et al.
…all-oral treatments, which are now given for 4-6 months for drug-sensitive tuberculosis and 6-9 months for drug-resistant tuberculosis. Treatment success is often reduced among people with HIV due to an interplay of factors, including immune dysregulation, lower drug concentratio…
Kenneth W Foreman, Hui-Chen Foreman
…nt adverse effects associated with prolonged small-molecule drug regimens. The growing prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains further underscores the urgent need for innovative therapeutic strategies. We outline characteristics of nex…
Amit Chaudhari, Divya Teli, Vivek P. Chavda
…tic treatment typically results in insufficient therapy and drug resistance. The chapter delves into the current advancements in TB drug discovery, driven by progress in genomics, proteomics, and structural biology, providing a deeper insight into Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)…
Supriya Mallick, Manish Shankar, Satyadeo Choubey, Arshad Ejazi, Rakesh Kumar, et al.
**BACKGROUND:** Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis continues to be a major threat to mankind and is a major social and economic burden to society. Line probe assay (LPA) is a method for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTb) in combination with resistance to rifampicin and ison…
Priyadharshini Basavarajpura Vijay, Mrinal Kanti Das, Amar Bahadur, Chirantan Shivaji, Tanvi Dev
…eatment (ATT) is associated with multiple cutaneous adverse drug reactions. Second-line ATT is also associated with numerous adverse reactions; however, cutaneous reactions are under-reported. Oral drug provocation (ODP) in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is challenging because …
Ulan Kozhamkulov, Sholpan Iglikova, Anar Rakisheva, Joseph Almazan
: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remains a significant public health threat in Central Asia, where rising resistance to first-line anti-TB drugs challenges control efforts. As of 2024, the World Health Organization (WHO) reports that over 2.5% of new TB cases and 18% o…
Dragos Baiceanu, Laura Ioana Chivu, Roxana-Mihaela Coriu, Alexandru Stoichita, Traian-Constantin Panciu, et al.
**BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:** Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remains a major public health challenge in the WHO European Region, which reports the highest global proportion of rifampicin-resistant and MDR-TB cases. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) has emerged as a key tool f…
Ashish Kumar Prakash, Chinkita Agrawal, Nishant Gupta, Pinky Goyal, Anand Jaiswal
**BACKGROUND:** Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) helps in optimizing the dose which maximizes the therapeutic benefit and minimizes the toxicity. In pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (PTB/EPTB), it allows the physician to take actions timely for antitubercular treatment …
Yusuf Emre Ozdemir, Serkan Surme, Meryem Sahin Ozdemir, Khalis Mustafayev
…e pipeline by 2023, one-third of which are directed against drug-resistant. Relevant data on novel antibacterial agents were identified through searches of the Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases, as well as the 2024 WHO report on new and emerging antibiotics, focusing o…
Aan Sutandi, Martika Hijriani, Apriana Rahmawati, Harizza Pertiwi
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is defined as tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains resistant to at least isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RMP), confirmed through drug sensitivity testing or rapid molecular diagnostics (e.g., GeneXpert).Due to this re…
Bianca Sossen, Mmamapudi Kubjane, Graeme Meintjes
…isease in PWH; optimal approaches to diagnosis of TB and TB drug resistance including in non-sputum samples; and post-TB disease in PWH. We discuss recent progress, together with ongoing challenges towards reducing incidence, morbidity, and mortality. We highlight ongoing researc…
Lorraine Yamurai Bishi, Sundeep Chaitanya Vedithi, Tom L. Blundell, Grace Mugumbate
…be a major health hazard worldwide due to the resurgence of drug discovery strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and co-infection. For decades drug discovery has concentrated on identifying ligands for ~10 Mtb targets, hence most of the identified essential proteins are not…
Caitlin Pley, Harry Gibbs, Prayuth Sudathip, Huy Rekol, Thieu Quang Nguyen, et al.
…esponding to the emergence of Plasmodium falciparum partial resistance to artemisinins and partner drugs of artemisinin-based combination therapies in the Greater Mekong subregion (GMS) of southeast Asia, the Regional Artemisinin-resistance Initiative (RAI) was established in 201…
Chris Orton, Hannah Jarvis, Onn Min Kon
…improve diagnostic accuracy and ability to quickly identify resistance patterns. Standard treatment choices and route of administration may need to be modified given uncertain enteral absorption and concerns over drug interactions and drug resistance. Infection control measures c…
Lara Beth Gadkowski, Connie A. Haley
…rium tuberculosis</italic> DNA and mutations that confer TB drug resistance. Treatment of drug-susceptible TB consists of isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol for 2 months, followed by isoniazid and rifampin for 4 months. Monitoring for drug interactions, toxicity, i…