Showing 51–75 of 79 documents
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Lucas Gabriel Quadros Ramos, Fernanda Moreira Soares Boaventura Silveira, Jessica Elen Martins Alves, Karina Andrade de Prince
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, considering that this comorbidity represents a public health problem, it is of paramount importance to understand the associated clinical, epidemiological, and economic factors due to its high prevalence …
Dr. Ramesh Narayan Gopale
Present paper is an attempt study in a case study of Dr. Bandorwala Leprosy Hospital Kondhwa (Pune) the gender-wise temporal assessment of leprosy disease was investigated. Leprosy, often known as Hansen's disease, is caused by Mycobacterium leprosy. It is an infectious sickness …
D. Mridula, Ramya Ramanathan, S Sundari, NC Janani Vinodhini
Tuberculosis still remains one of the major public health problem globally despite tremendous advancement in the field of medicine. The international union against tuberculosis and lung disease has rightly termed childhood tuberculosis as a “silent epidemic”, causing increased mo…
Shayam Kaushik, Savita Krishnamurthy, Neelam Grover, Rajni Kaushik
The study's goal is to examine the range of adolescents tuberculosis. Adolescence is characterised by a substantial increase in the incidence of tuberculosis, a known fact since the early 20th century. Most of the world's adolescents live in low-income and middle-income countries…
Anna Starshinova, Igor Kudryavtsev, Artem Rubinstein, Irina Dovgalyuk, Anastasia Kulpina, et al.
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a fatal disease primarily transmitted through airborne droplets, with children who are the most susceptible, particularly in the areas with poor tuberculosis control. The BCG vaccine, developed by Albert Calmette and Camille Guérin, has a history sp…
Andrea Migliorelli, Marianna Manuelli, Andrea Ciorba, Francesco Stomeo, Stefano Pelucchi, et al.
Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be the foremost cause of mortality from infectious diseases on a global scale, with laryngeal tuberculosis (LTB) constituting a rare, yet clinically significant form of extrapulmonary TB. Despite accounting for less than 1% of total TB cases, LTB is…
Dr. Ramesh Narayan Gopale
Present paper is an attempt study in a case study of Dr. Bandorwala Leprosy Hospital Kondhwa (Pune) the gender-wise temporal assessment of leprosy disease was investigated. Leprosy, often known as Hansen's disease, is caused by Mycobacterium leprosy. It is an infectious sickness …
Ricardo Correia de Abreu, Flavia Alice T. M. Guimarães, Joana Laranjinha, Frederico Duarte, Isabel Neves
Background: Portugal has one of the highest incidence rates of HIV and AIDS and one of the highest percentages of late diagnosis in the European Union. Objectives: Evaluation of late diagnoses between 1998-2018. Comparison of demographic, epidemiological and mortality data. Ident…
R. E. Bhingare, Prabha Khaire, Amol Parate
Introduction: Tuberculosis is India’s biggest public health problem, it has been estimated that nearly 500,000 People die of this disease every year. Vast majority of cases are found in rural and semi urban areas, where more than 80 % of the Country’s population lives. Amis and O…
Dhara Gosai, Jigar B. Gosai, Omprakash Shital Shukla
Background: Tuberculosis is the world's second leading cause of death from an infectious disease, being second only to AIDS. There is a lack of good data on the prevalence of all types of tuberculosis among children in India; most surveys have focused on pulmonary tuberculosis. T…
Dinara Adjablaeva
Latent tuberculosis infection is an asymptomatic condition in which patients carry the bacteria, but do not show any sign of illness, however they are at risk of disease activation at any time in the future. Understanding of influence of latent tuberculosis infection on the physi…
Dipa M. Kinariwala
Introduction: The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the most potent risk factor for Tuberculosis progression (TB). Surveillance of HIV among & TB patients has been recognized to be important as the HIV epidemic continues to fuel TB epidemic. In those who are infected with…
Francis Farai Chikuse, Loveness Dzikiti, Auxilia Chideme-Munodawafa, Talkmore Maruta, Greanious Alfred Mavondo, et al.
Background: Delayed tuberculosis (TB) treatment raises the rate of spread of bacilli in the population and increases mortality rates. Rapid diagnosis and early TB treatment initiation are crucial to successful outcomes and delays affect TB control programs. In Namibia, there is a…
Terry E. Robinson, Jane Scullion
Abstract This chapter covers the key facts about tuberculosis (TB), then goes on to describe the epidemiology and pathophysiology of the disease. Risk factors, and signs and symptoms, and investigations are all covered. The treatment phase and standard drug therapies are shown, a…
Fabiana Cristina Fulco Santos, André Luiz Alves do Nascimento, Laís Ariane de Siqueira Lira, Juliana Figueirêdo da Costa Lima, Rosana de Albuquerque Montenegro, et al.
… that helps on patient prognosis. It should be a concern of pediatricians when they come across chronic cases of back pain and arthralgia in endemic areas.
OECD, World Health Organization
Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death from an infectious disease in Asia-Pacific. In 2018, there were 10 million incident (new and relapsed) TB cases worldwide, 1.2 million deaths among HIV-negative people globally. More than 40% of new cases and almost half of deaths w…
Khalil Nasser, Moti Ramgopal
The incidence of nearly all AIDS-defining opportunist infections (OIs) decreased significantly in the era after antiretroviral therapy (ART). Those OIs that occur do so at low CD4+ T-cell counts, primarily in persons living with HIV (PLWH) with delayed diagnosis who have either n…
Gagan Chooramani, Pooja Singh
The World Health Organization has declared that the spread of tuberculosis is a global emergency. Despite the implementation of strong tuberculosis-control initiatives by WHO, this highly infectious disease continues to affect all vulnerable populations, including the elderly pop…
Johan P. Mackenbach
In terms of population health, developments in Europe during the 18th and 19th centuries were not only positive. As a side effect of industrialization and urbanization, there was a rise in many diseases, which were only gradually brought under control. This chapter reviews the se…
Rosie Burton
Abstract This chapter will consider infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), tuberculosis, and malaria in pregnancy. The global roll-out of antiretroviral therapy has significantly improved survival for people living with HIV and reduced mother-to-child transmission, bu…
H. Humphreys
There is an increasing number of opportunist pathogens that may cause acute pulmonary exacerbations of cystic fibrosis as the patient cohort survives longer. However, it can often be difficult to determine if the isolation of these bacteria represents colonization or true infecti…
Jacob D. Hoger, David F. Kisor
Mark S. is a 5'7", 140-lbs., 36-year-old male of East Asian ancestry with a history of chronic vape use (10+ years: when at home he typically puffs his vape pen every few minutes), presenting at the urgent care clinic affiliated with the regional hospital. He is complaining of ex…
John G. Bartlett, Robert Redfield, Paul A. Pham
This chapter is about the prevention of HIV and the prevention of opportunistic infections in people living with HIV/AIDs (PLWH). It covers treatment as prevention (TasP), HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) (including indications, initial assessment, and contraindications to PrE…
John G. Bartlett, Robert Redfield, Paul A. Pham
Abstract: This chapter reviews the diagnosis, assessment, testing, and treatment of HIV in resource-limited settings around the world. The chapter covers the current status of the HIV pandemic, diagnosis of HIV (i.e., who to test), HIV testing, HIV diagnostic tests, World Health …
Pınar Ergenekon, Arif Kut, Nader Fasseeh
Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious public health problem affecting the entire globe. Despite the fact that Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) vaccine was invented a long time before, MTB is even today one of the most widespread causes of mortality due to a single infectious factor [1, …