HIV in Resource-Limited Settings

Abstract: This chapter reviews the diagnosis, assessment, testing, and treatment of HIV in resource-limited settings around the world. The chapter covers the current status of the HIV pandemic, diagnosis of HIV (i.e., who to test), HIV testing, HIV diagnostic tests, World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines and treatment recommendations, monitoring ART efficacy and toxicity, treatment and prophylaxis of opportunistic infections and other comorbid conditions, treatment of tuberculosis and cryptococcal meningitis, co-trimoxazole prophylaxis, HIV vaccines, differentiated service delivery models of HIV care, important global trials, and further recommended reading.