Showing 1–25 of 65 documents
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Timothy S. Laux
…s a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with HIV. This study looked at patients with HIV-1 infection who were starting or continuing antiretroviral therapy (ART) and the use of 12 months of isoniazid to prevent active TB disease. They found that isoniazid preventiv…
Peter J. Dodd, Carel Pretorius, Brian Williams
…berculosis epidemiology (TB) that include interactions with HIV and an explicit representation of transmission. We review the natural history of TB and illustrate how its features are simplified and incorporated in mathematical models. We then review the ways HIV influences the n…
Dipa M. Kinariwala
Introduction: The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the most potent risk factor for Tuberculosis progression (TB). Surveillance of HIV among & TB patients has been recognized to be important as the HIV epidemic continues to fuel TB epidemic. In those who are infected with…
Francis Farai Chikuse, Loveness Dzikiti, Auxilia Chideme-Munodawafa, Talkmore Maruta, Greanious Alfred Mavondo, et al.
…vious TB treatment (AOR=2.19, 95% CI: 0.076-0.86) and being HIV positive (AOR= 1.23, 95% CI: 0.0034-057) were the socio-demographic factors that were significantly associated with treatment initiation delays. Treatment initiation delay median time at Katutura Intermediate Hospita…
Marc Kanter, Trevor Mark Janus, Marimer Rivera-Nieves
…ician to diagnose and prevent transmission and progression. HIV and TB are two conditions that are easily overlooked in the ED, yet are the two deadliest infectious diseases in the world. The HIV/AIDS epidemic has been a challenge to the United States health system since the 1980…
Rafael Laniado-Laborín
…sis infection without the human immunodeficiency infection (HIV) co-infection is 5-10%; for people living with HIV (PLWHIV), the annual risk is 3-16% per year. The interaction of these two pathogens is complex: HIV-1 co-infection is the most significant risk factor for developing…
Nilufar Rakhmanova Pollard, Igor Semenenko, Uliana Snidevych, Emily Keyes, Roman Yorick, et al.
… use quality improvement (QI) methods to raise the rates of HIV counseling and testing (HCT) offered to all clients tested for tuberculosis (TB). With a population of close to 67,500, Chervonograd has a higher number of drug users than the rest of the country. State statistics re…
Deepak V. Sawant, Shivaji H. Pawar
…ions, where diagnosing of latent TB, drug-resistant TB, and HIV co-infected, pediatric TB remains still a challenge. There are so many low sensitive conventional TB diagnosis methods are available which are responsible for delay in early-stage TB diagnosis. There is an urgent dem…
Akihiro Ohkado, Seiya Kato
…g countries. Major global challenges for TB control include HIV-associated TB, multidrug-resistant TB, migrant issues, and the elderly population. Since the 1990s, the World Health Organization (WHO) has strengthened TB control with the DOTS strategy, followed by the Stop TB Stra…
Charisse Mandimika, Gerald Friedland
…vances and challenges in the prevention and treatment of TB/HIV disease. Drug-susceptible and drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemics are a consequence of reactivation of latent TB infection (LTBI), treatment-related amplification of TB r…
Patrick Howlett, Robert J. Wilkinson, Ben J. Marais
…linical features, Diagnosis, Tuberculosis treatment, TB and HIV, TB in Children, Treatment regimens, Multi-drug resistant and extensively drug resistant TB , Lessons learned in TB treatment and control
Charles Lukanga Kimera, Fredrick Sinyinza, Linda Ndesipandula Lukolo
…suffering and death for many years. Until the 1980s, before HIV, TB was the leading cause of death among infectious diseases. A 23-year-old nulliparous woman presented to our gynaecology clinic with post-coital bleeding and irregular menstrual periods. Review of her medical and s…
Wiwiek Setiowulan, redi rulandani, Helmy Rachman
…(LTBI) but overdiagnosed as TB disease. Due to the negative HIV status of the patient, TB prophylaxis is not indicated. Therefore, reintroduction of ATT was contraindicated, which led to lack identification of specific drug causing DRESS in this case.
Lara Beth Gadkowski, Connie A. Haley
In patients with HIV infection, tuberculosis (TB) can present at any CD4 T-cell count, with a diversity of pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations. Because TB is spread via a respiratory route and may rapidly progress if untreated, providers should maintain a high level of su…
Christopher Dye
… especially co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); and mitigate the large number of weaker TB risks that have co-benefits for other health conditions (diabetes, undernutrition) and for society more widely (homelessness, crowding). Vaccination is the ultimate, trans…
Gordon Wells, Chaima Hkimi, Lyndon Zass, Judit Kumuthini
…re a dual challenge of TB and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection contributes to over 50% of cases. This chapter on TB explores the role and emergence of precision medicine as a pivotal player in the pursuit of more effective TB treatment. This exploration is particul…
Tobias Broger, Mark P. Nicol, Rita Székely, Stephanie Bjerrum, Bianca Sossen, et al.
…tory approval, lack of coordination between national TB and HIV programs, and small perceived patient population size.
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs
…ed global life expectancy, derailed progress towards ending HIV, tuberculosis (TB) and malaria, and halted two decades of work towards making health coverage universal. As a result, immunization coverage dropped for the first time in 10 years, and deaths from TB and malaria incre…
Yagnang Vyas
…n severe cases, dyspnea. Manifestations of pleural TB among HIV individuals depend on the CD4 count. A chest radiograph is the initial mode of investigation and is confirmed by USG thorax. Pleural fluid analysis helps in diagnosing and ruling out other causes of pleural TB. Level…
Phool Chandra, Prashant Kumar, Surya Nath Pandey, Manoj Kumar Bisht
…) due to the phagocytic cells of the host. Further, TB with HIV infection induces a high level of ROS &RNS through the activation of phagocytes. Oxidative stress is developed due to an imbalance between the functionality of free ROS and associated antioxidant mechanisms. These fr…
Alberto Matteelli, Luca Rossi, Sofia Lovatti, Anna Cristina Calçada Carvalho, Anita Sforza
…ens and provided advice on their use considering TB burden, HIV status, age and pregnancy. The major problems related to TPT are duration of treatment, toxicity and tolerability, completion rates, and interactions between rifamycins and other drugs. To date, we are still far from…
Rafael Laniado-Laborı́n
…cts is higher than 50%. Contacts who are <5 years of age or HIV infected have the most significant risk of developing tuberculosis once they acquire the infection. In latent tuberculous infection, most bacilli are metabolically inactive, and only a few are replicating. In immunoc…
Nirjhar Saha, Mainak Chatterjee, Tejas M. Dhameliya, Asit K. Chakraborti
…ug-resistant (TDR) TB strains, as well as co-infection with HIV. For nearly half a century since the first TB drug was invented, there had been a scarcity of new anti-TB drugs. Though in the past decade about half a dozen new drugs have been added to the arsenal of anti-TB therap…
Şule Kızıltaş, Aylin Babalık
… million people died from TB, including 214,000 people with HIV [1]. The clinical features of tuberculosis vary widely. Patients may present with pulmonary involvement, extrapulmonary involvement (more rarely), or both. Early, accurate diagnosis and treatment of TB are of critica…
Rafael Laniado-Laborín
…state of immunosuppression (for example, people living with HIV, patients receiving immunosuppressive treatment, malnourished, etc.). For the diagnosis of latent TB, we currently have in vitro tests to determine the release of interferon-γ (IGRA´s), with higher specificity than t…