Isoniazid for Preventing TB in HIV-Positive People

Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with HIV. This study looked at patients with HIV-1 infection who were starting or continuing antiretroviral therapy (ART) and the use of 12 months of isoniazid to prevent active TB disease. They found that isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) provided protection against active TB with a number needed to treat (NNT) of 25. This shows that in moderate- or high-burden TB settings, HIV-1 positive individuals on ART should receive 12 months of IPT for prevention of incident TB with few exceptions.