Showing 1–21 of 21 documents
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Christiane Mello Schmidt, Claudete Aparecida Araújo Cardoso, Rafaela Baroni Aurílio, Maria de Fátima Bazhuni Pombo Sant’ Anna, Clemax Couto Sant’Anna
As children develop paucibacillary forms of tuberculosis (TB), bacteriological tests usually are negative. This chapter describes aspects of the laboratory tests available for clinical practicePractice. It also discusses perspectives, such as biomarkers, which can be utilized in …
Constantin Iavorschi, Stela Kulcitkaia, Igor Ivanes, Nadejda Pisarenco
Pediatric tuberculosis (TB) presents unique diagnostic challenges due to various factors, including the low sensitivity of sputum examination, difficulties in obtaining samples, and the presence of paucibacillary forms of the disease. This retrospective-descriptive study aimed to…
Wiwiek Setiowulan, redi rulandani, Helmy Rachman
Pediatric drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a life-threatening uncommon disease that can be difficult to diagnose. We present a case of a 10-year old girl with ten days of high fever during her fifth week of ATT (consisting of isoniazid, rifampicin,…
Spinal tuberculosis in pediatric patients is frequently associated with multiple vertebral lesions and could be complicated by kyphosis. The diagnosis should be confirmed by culturing or molecular–genetic study of the pathological tissues that are harvested from the zone of bone …
Deepak V. Sawant, Shivaji H. Pawar
Tuberculosis (TB) is a transmissible disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. TB infection affects mainly upper respiratory organs such as the lungs, so-called pulmonary TB. They can also affect multiple organs like bones, joints, skin, and genital organs, etc., are extrapul…
Lucas Gabriel Quadros Ramos, Fernanda Moreira Soares Boaventura Silveira, Jessica Elen Martins Alves, Karina Andrade de Prince
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, considering that this comorbidity represents a public health problem, it is of paramount importance to understand the associated clinical, epidemiological, and economic factors due to its high prevalence …
Ravi Talapa, Nidhi Yadav, Siddhant Jain, Tanvi Sirohi, Shourya Yerramareddy
Tuberculosis is a disease with widespread character and a long treatment process. Tuberculosis affecting the thyroid gland is a rare occurrence, even in the regions where tuberculosis is prevalent. This case report details the presentation of a 22-year-old male who initially pres…
Dipa M. Kinariwala
…nodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the most potent risk factor for Tuberculosis progression (TB). Surveillance of HIV among & TB patients has been recognized to be important as the HIV epidemic continues to fuel TB epidemic. In those who are infected with both HIV and TB, the intera…
Dinara Adjablaeva
Latent tuberculosis infection is an asymptomatic condition in which patients carry the bacteria, but do not show any sign of illness, however they are at risk of disease activation at any time in the future. Understanding of influence of latent tuberculosis infection on the physi…
Gagan Chooramani, Pooja Singh
…e World Health Organization has declared that the spread of tuberculosis is a global emergency. Despite the implementation of strong tuberculosis-control initiatives by WHO, this highly infectious disease continues to affect all vulnerable populations, including the elderly popul…
Andrea Migliorelli, Marianna Manuelli, Andrea Ciorba, Francesco Stomeo, Stefano Pelucchi, et al.
Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be the foremost cause of mortality from infectious diseases on a global scale, with laryngeal tuberculosis (LTB) constituting a rare, yet clinically significant form of extrapulmonary TB. Despite accounting for less than 1% of total TB cases, LTB is…
Terry E. Robinson, Jane Scullion
Abstract This chapter covers the key facts about tuberculosis (TB), then goes on to describe the epidemiology and pathophysiology of the disease. Risk factors, and signs and symptoms, and investigations are all covered. The treatment phase and standard drug therapies are shown, a…
Ricardo Correia de Abreu, Flavia Alice T. M. Guimarães, Joana Laranjinha, Frederico Duarte, Isabel Neves
… of HIV and AIDS and one of the highest percentages of late diagnosis in the European Union. Objectives: Evaluation of late diagnoses between 1998-2018. Comparison of demographic, epidemiological and mortality data. Identification of risk factors to very late presentation. Method…
Marc Kanter, Trevor Mark Janus, Marimer Rivera-Nieves
… The Emergency Department is the major point of contact for diagnosis and linkage to long-term care.
Maria Soledade Garcia Benedetti, Émerson Ricardo de Sousa Capistrano, Angela Maria Félix Alves Oliveira, Elba Urzedo de Freitas Lamounier, Karla Cristina Souza Rocha, et al.
…jective: To describe the epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis among Venezuelan immigrants in the state of Roraima, Brazil. Methods: A descriptive and retrospective study, data were collected from the Information System of Notifiable Diseases - Sinan, in the period from…
Olga Adriana Căliman-Sturdza
Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most severe form of tuberculosis, with high mortality and neurological disability in survivors. Recent advances include improved nucleic-acid diagnostics for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), refined pediatric regimens, and emerging intensified/adjunc…
John G. Bartlett, Robert Redfield, Paul A. Pham
Abstract: This chapter reviews the diagnosis, assessment, testing, and treatment of HIV in resource-limited settings around the world. The chapter covers the current status of the HIV pandemic, diagnosis of HIV (i.e., who to test), HIV testing, HIV diagnostic tests, World Health …
Khalil Nasser, Moti Ramgopal
…s, primarily in persons living with HIV (PLWH) with delayed diagnosis who have either not initiated ART or have been nonadherent to both ART and OI prophylaxis. The most profound effect on survival of patients living with AIDS is conferred by ART, but specific OI prevention measu…
Şule Kızıltaş, Aylin Babalık
…er COVID-19 [1]. TB is caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis which is spread from one person to another through the air. M. tuberculosis is estimated to infect approximately one-fourth of the world’s population [2, 3]. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) …
D. Mridula, Ramya Ramanathan, S Sundari, NC Janani Vinodhini
Tuberculosis still remains one of the major public health problem globally despite tremendous advancement in the field of medicine. The international union against tuberculosis and lung disease has rightly termed childhood tuberculosis as a “silent epidemic”, causing increased mo…
Francis Farai Chikuse, Loveness Dzikiti, Auxilia Chideme-Munodawafa, Talkmore Maruta, Greanious Alfred Mavondo, et al.
Background: Delayed tuberculosis (TB) treatment raises the rate of spread of bacilli in the population and increases mortality rates. Rapid diagnosis and early TB treatment initiation are crucial to successful outcomes and delays affect TB control programs. In Namibia, there is a…