Showing 1–25 of 56 documents
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Akhil Sharma, Shaweta Sharma, Mobeen Shaik, Hrithik Dey, Pankaj Agrawal
…including influenza, COVID-19, or tuberculosis, traditional vaccines such as oral formulations and injections have limitations in effectively targeting these pathogens. However, the solution to this challenge lies in the development of inhalable vaccines. Inhalable vaccines take …
Hua Wang
…sy patients. The history and latest developments in leprosy vaccines are explored in this chapter.
Ibrahim M. S. A. W. Shnawa
… prophylactic and therapeutic purposes. One more thing, now vaccines serves both for communicable infectious and noninfectious diseases. Several classes of vaccines are being known in common medical use. Among which cell based vaccines. DC based vaccines acts both vaccine a…
Angelique Kany Kany Luabeya, Michèle Tameris, Justin Shenje, Anele Gela, Elisa Nemes, et al.
Fourteen candidate TB vaccines are in clinical development, including eight in phase 2b–3 trials, although there is a paucity of new candidates advancing from preclinical testing. Live mycobacterial vaccines, including recombinant <italic>Mycobacterium bovis</italic> BCG and live…
Mirzakamol S. Ayubov, Anvarjon A. Murodov, Abdurakhmon N. Yusupov, Ibrokhim Abdurakhmonov
Plant-based vaccines have emerged as a potential alternative to traditional immunization strategies, addressing the high production costs, cold-chain dependencies, and logistical constraints that hinder vaccine delivery, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Over the …
Justice K. Boakye-Appiah, Belinda S. Hall, Rajko Reljić, Rachel E. Simmonds
Abstract Buruli ulcer (BU), one of the skin-related neglected tropical diseases (skin NTDs), is a necrotizing and disabling cutaneous disease caused by subcutaneous infection with Mycobacterium ulcerans. Leading on from the World Health Organization’s (WHO) establishment of a glo…
Emma Whitlow, Abu Salim Mustafa, Shumaila Nida Muhammad Hanif
Abstract Due to the shortcomings of currently available BCG vaccines, new strategies have been considered for the development of alternative vaccines against tuberculosis . Many candidate vaccines are in the pipeline with an aim to replace BCG or boost the effect of BCG for proph…
Zuber Peermohammed Shaikh, Satish Balkrishna Bhise
Nanoparticles-based biological products need to be explore for finding out newer adjuvants. Most of next generation adjuvants are in clinical trials. Vaccine funding agencies should consider and initiate specific funding programs for adjuvant science and clinical development; eve…
Pankti C. Balar, Bedanta Bhattacharjee, Dixa A. Vaghela, Lalitkumar K. Vora, Vasso Apostolopoulos, et al.
…ntrol, with a specific focus on the pivotal roles played by vaccines and biomarkers. This chapter includes the latest advancements in TB vaccine research, highlighting novel candidates and approaches that show promise in providing more effective protection against Mycobacterium t…
Samantha Vermaak, Samantha L. Sampson, Helen McShane
Abstract Established in June 2017, VALIDATE is an international network of researchers working to accelerate vaccine development for four neglected intracellular pathogens that cause significant mortality and morbidity globally: Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Leishmania spp., Burkh…
Tim J. Bull
…history, development and efficacy of the different types of vaccines against <italic>Mycobacterium avium</italic> subsp. <italic>paratuberculosis</italic>.
Leontine Nkague Nkamba, Thomas Timothee Manga
This paper focuses on the study and control of a non linear mathematical epidemic model (S Svih V E LI ) based on a system of ordinary differential equation modeling the spread of tuberculosis infectious with VIH/AIDS coinfection. Existence of both disease free equilibrium and en…
Jesús Gonzalo‐Asensio, Nacho Aguiló, Dessislava Marinova, Carlos Martı́n
Tuberculosis (TB) is the biggest killer of humanity. TB has killed more human beings than any other infectious disease in history, with an estimated loss of over a billion lives in the past 200 years (1). Despite effective treatment, in the WHO 2016 there were an estimated 10.4 m…
Hazel Morrison, Helen McShane
…gainst tuberculosis (TB). It is one of the most widely used vaccines in the world, having been administered to over four billion people, with another 100 million children vaccinated with BCG every year. Despite this, significant debate exists surrounding its efficacy against TB a…
Ahmed Al Hammadi, Fatima Ali Salem Khalfan Al Dhaheri, Huda Sulaiman Al Dhanhani, Jens Thomsen
…on had been vaccinated with at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccines, resulting in a mortality rate of only 0.24%, making it one of the lowest in the world.
Cynthia A. Bonville, Joseph B. Domachowske
… burden that this infection poses. Until safe and effective vaccines are available for the prevention of all forms of TB infection across all groups, the best control measures include early detection and treatment, programs to ensure adherence to treatment regimens, and comprehen…
R. E. Bhingare, Prabha Khaire, Amol Parate
Introduction: Tuberculosis is India’s biggest public health problem, it has been estimated that nearly 500,000 People die of this disease every year. Vast majority of cases are found in rural and semi urban areas, where more than 80 % of the Country’s population lives. Amis and O…
Gloria Guillermina Guerrero Manríquez
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTb). TB causes mortality of millions of people every year. Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette Güerin (BCG) is the only officially approved vaccine that protects against miliary TB and children bu…
Kudzai Kanhutu, Karin Leder, Beverley‐Ann Biggs
Abstract There is mounting evidence that the mass population movements associated with the current global refugee and asylum seeker crisis have profound infectious diseases consequences. Key contributory factors identified include disruption of health systems building blocks, mal…
Marco Polo Peralta Álvarez, Julia L. Marshall, Rachel Tanner
Abstract Multiple immunological mechanisms interact to protect against Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( M.tb ) infection and/or tuberculosis (TB) disease. However, development of a much-needed new and effective TB vaccine is hindered by the lack of validated correlates of protection.…
Bonnie Mallard, Mehdi Emam, S. Cartwright, Tess Altvater-Hughes, Alexandra Livernois, et al.
From the beginning, cattle have made important contributions to the field of immunology, including the development of the first Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine for human tuberculosis in 1921. In 1981 the first report of a biosynthesized polypeptide vaccine against Foot and Mouth …
Vincent J. C. van Winden, Edith N. G. Houben, Miriam Braunstein
…is and physiology to advance the development of new anti-TB vaccines and antibiotics.
Jonathan Sperber
Abstract This chapter investigates disease during the Age of Interconnection. At the beginning of the period, infectious diseases were a major source of mortality, but the introduction of antimicrobials and large-scale vaccination campaigns dramatically reduced their effects. In …
Jessica Cassyle Carr
Airborne pathogens are capable of hovering within enclosed spaces for minutes or hours. They travel as tiny particles emitted when a person who has an active infection coughs, sneezes, speaks, sings, or laughs. When a susceptible host is exposed to this air space, they risk inhal…
Lydia Gibango, Anna-Mari Reid, Jonathan L. Seaman, Namrita Lall
Tuberculosis is a prevalent disease that poses a serious threat to human health. Relevant and reliable research can help in improving tuberculosis control globally. Drug development is considered one of the top priorities in tuberculosis research, followed by diagnosis, diagnosti…