Congenital Pre-extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in a Newborn: An Emerging Challenge

Abstract Congenital tuberculosis (TB) is an uncommon yet severe form of TB, where the diagnosis and management are challenging due to nonspecific clinical manifestations. Pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (Pre-XDR TB) shows resistance to at least one fluoroquinolone along with resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid. Managing pre-XDR TB is complex due to limited drug options. Therefore, when congenital TB is compounded by drug-resistant TB, it becomes a more serious problem. We describe a 2-month-old infant who was found to have Pre-XDR TB.