Showing 1–20 of 20 documents
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Miriam Abadie, Alexander Kay
…ug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) treatment for people with HIV (PWH), including drug-drug interactions, investigational medications and host-directed therapy, as well as emerging evidence on novel treatment regimens, post-TB complications, and DR-TB medication resistance among P…
Christian Tague
HIV coinfection and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) pose a major public health challenge in sub-Saharan Africa, where high HIV prevalence promotes tuberculosis progression and complicates its management. In people living with HIV (PLHIV), profound immunosuppression lead…
Akihiro Ohkado, Seiya Kato
…g countries. Major global challenges for TB control include HIV-associated TB, multidrug-resistant TB, migrant issues, and the elderly population. Since the 1990s, the World Health Organization (WHO) has strengthened TB control with the DOTS strategy, followed by the Stop TB Stra…
Kshitij Agarwal, Adam T Gray, Tudor P Toma, Valentina Luzzi, Lorenzo Corbetta
…ly in the context of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and TB-HIV co-infection. Traditional surgical interventions, such as lung resection and pneumothorax induction, have largely been phased out with the advent of modern antibiotic regimens. However, emerging evidence suggests tha…
Andrew D Kerkhoff, Jason Zucker, Diane V Havlir
…erculosis and other opportunistic infections in people with HIV. High mortality rate among people with HIV hospitalized with disseminated tuberculosis (TB) and among those treated for drug-resistant TB represents a major clinical challenge. Intensified TB treatment in one trial a…
Salah Al Awaidy, Faryal Khamis, Sami Al Mujeini, Jameela Al Salman, Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
…arying degrees of success in controlling drug-resistant TB. HIV-TB co-infection rates was highest in United Arab Emirates (5.4%) and Bahrain (5.1%), followed by Saudi Arabia (2.3%), Oman (1.4%), Qatar (0.6%), and Kuwait (0.5%). Notably, the GCC countries reported zero TB househol…
Christopher Dye
… especially co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); and mitigate the large number of weaker TB risks that have co-benefits for other health conditions (diabetes, undernutrition) and for society more widely (homelessness, crowding). Vaccination is the ultimate, trans…
Gordon Wells, Chaima Hkimi, Lyndon Zass, Judit Kumuthini
…re a dual challenge of TB and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection contributes to over 50% of cases. This chapter on TB explores the role and emergence of precision medicine as a pivotal player in the pursuit of more effective TB treatment. This exploration is particul…
Phool Chandra, Prashant Kumar, Surya Nath Pandey, Manoj Kumar Bisht
…) due to the phagocytic cells of the host. Further, TB with HIV infection induces a high level of ROS &RNS through the activation of phagocytes. Oxidative stress is developed due to an imbalance between the functionality of free ROS and associated antioxidant mechanisms. These fr…
Nirjhar Saha, Mainak Chatterjee, Tejas M. Dhameliya, Asit K. Chakraborti
…ug-resistant (TDR) TB strains, as well as co-infection with HIV. For nearly half a century since the first TB drug was invented, there had been a scarcity of new anti-TB drugs. Though in the past decade about half a dozen new drugs have been added to the arsenal of anti-TB therap…
Rafael Laniado-Laborín
…state of immunosuppression (for example, people living with HIV, patients receiving immunosuppressive treatment, malnourished, etc.). For the diagnosis of latent TB, we currently have in vitro tests to determine the release of interferon-γ (IGRA´s), with higher specificity than t…
Caterina Davoli, Chiara Rossi, Andrea Ciccarone, Francesca Bertoni, Marina Calamelli, et al.
…ldren, pregnant and breastfeeding women, people living with HIV, and those with challenging TB forms (e.g., central nervous system, bone, disseminated). The overall aim is to discuss how far we still are from the goal of a public health approach to the treatment of MDR-TB.
Keertan Dheda, Aliasgar Esmail, Anzaan Dippenaar, Robin M. Warren, Jennifer Furin, et al.
…kely effective drugs. Management of DR-TB in the setting of HIV-coinfection is challenging and associated with high mortality.
Benson Olu Akinshipe, Anthony Chukwuka Nwaobi, Emmanuel Babatunde Adedeji, Friday Alfred Ehiaghe, Herbert Obi Okpala
… during anti-TB treatment (ATT). Overall, 84 BCG-vaccinated HIV-negative adults, consisting of 25 Healthy Community Controls (HCC), 27 Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI) cases, and a cohort of 32 Acute Pulmonary Tuberculosis (APTB) patients were investigated for IFN-\(\gamma\) …
Christopher Dye
…TB, such as co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), in settings where these risks cause a high proportion of cases and deaths; and mitigate the large number of weaker TB risks that have benefits for other health conditions (diabetes, undernutrition) and for society …
Vincent J. C. van Winden, Edith N. G. Houben, Miriam Braunstein
…s the most deadly infectious agent in the world, surpassing HIV and the malaria parasite (1). One issue facing efforts to control TB is that the live attenuated bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine strain is not able to provide lifelong protection against M. tuberculosis (2). A…
Nandini Gupta, Ramesh K. Goyal, Bhoomika M. Patel
…and the second leading cause of death after COVID-19 (above HIV and AIDS). The high rate of morbidity and mortality associated with this disease is due to the presence of multi-drug-resistant bacterial strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mechanisms of drug resistance for both …
Jean de Dieu Iragena, Achilles Katamba, Dissou Affolabi, Moses Joloba, Willy Ssengooba
…s and 404,000 deaths in 2023, including 112,000 people with HIV. There is slow progress with only 42% of the 75% targeted reduction in death by 2025. Out of 60,266 estimated multidrug-resistant TB cases in 2023, only 22,515 were notified. Laboratory diagnostic services in the Afr…
Daniel Mashiach, Justin Shon, Raquel Mashiach, Gregory Ayzenberg, Osnat Barazani, et al.
…ify populations at heightened risk, including children with HIV, malnutrition, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and congenital or treatment-related immunosuppression. Ongoing challenges in diagnosis and treatment are discussed, including limitations of existing microbiologic and immunol…
Seungwha Paik, Soohyun Um, In Soo Kim, Eun-Jin Park, Kyung Tae Kim, et al.
… virus; HCV: hepatitis C virus; HDT: host-directed therapy; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; HMGB1: high mobility group box 1; HSV: herpes simplex virus; IAV: influenza A virus; ICT: isocryptotanshinone; IFN: interferon; IKBKB/IKKβ: inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kin…