Showing 1–22 of 22 documents
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Catherine Keiko Gunawan, Anton Sumarpo, Agnes Rengga Indrati
…ysregulation is a hallmark of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, characterized by persistent immune activation and systemic inflammation that drive T cell exhaustion and senescence, contributing to disease progression and non-AIDS comorbidities, most notably tuberculos…
Preena Prasanna, Bianca Herrera, Larry S Schlesinger, Mirko Paiardini, Riti Sharan
Tuberculosis (TB) and HIV coinfection present a significant global health challenge worldwide. While most individuals infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) have clinically asymptomatic latent TB infection (LTBI), those with immunosuppressive conditions, such as HIV, are …
Siranjeevi Rangaraj, Anushka Agarwal, Sharmistha Banerjee
…on secondary infection in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infected population, accounting for more than one-fourth of deaths in people living with HIV (PLWH). Reciprocally, HIV infection increases the susceptibility to primary TB or reactivation of latent TB by several fol…
Rafael Laniado-Laborín
…sis infection without the human immunodeficiency infection (HIV) co-infection is 5-10%; for people living with HIV (PLWHIV), the annual risk is 3-16% per year. The interaction of these two pathogens is complex: HIV-1 co-infection is the most significant risk factor for developing…
Deepak V. Sawant, Shivaji H. Pawar
…ions, where diagnosing of latent TB, drug-resistant TB, and HIV co-infected, pediatric TB remains still a challenge. There are so many low sensitive conventional TB diagnosis methods are available which are responsible for delay in early-stage TB diagnosis. There is an urgent dem…
Charisse Mandimika, Gerald Friedland
…vances and challenges in the prevention and treatment of TB/HIV disease. Drug-susceptible and drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemics are a consequence of reactivation of latent TB infection (LTBI), treatment-related amplification of TB r…
Wiwiek Setiowulan, redi rulandani, Helmy Rachman
…(LTBI) but overdiagnosed as TB disease. Due to the negative HIV status of the patient, TB prophylaxis is not indicated. Therefore, reintroduction of ATT was contraindicated, which led to lack identification of specific drug causing DRESS in this case.
Yang Cui, Haoran Li, Tianhui Liu, Rujie Zhong, Jiaying Guo, et al.
…rug-resistant TB and increased human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) co-infection further exacerbate TB control efforts. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) achieves highly heterogeneous infection outcomes (active disease, latency, or clearance) through immune evasion and host metabolic…
Lara Beth Gadkowski, Connie A. Haley
In patients with HIV infection, tuberculosis (TB) can present at any CD4 T-cell count, with a diversity of pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations. Because TB is spread via a respiratory route and may rapidly progress if untreated, providers should maintain a high level of su…
Mohammed Eltahir Abdelhag, Husham E Homeida, Ogail Yousif Dawod, Abuzer Abdalla, Alfadil Ahmed Hamdan, et al.
…of IL-6 and IFN-γ, having had TB earlier than, having HIV at the same time, and gene expression styles connected to immune law were some of the most important elements used to make predictions. The version worked the equal method for all subgroups that have been separated v…
Rafael Laniado-Laborı́n
…cts is higher than 50%. Contacts who are <5 years of age or HIV infected have the most significant risk of developing tuberculosis once they acquire the infection. In latent tuberculous infection, most bacilli are metabolically inactive, and only a few are replicating. In immunoc…
Guadalupe García-Elorriaga, Del Rey-Pineda Guillermo
…ion, especially in patients with paucibacillary illness and HIV-positive persons. A variety of molecular TB detection assays are now being developed and reviewed, some for use in reference laboratories and others for peripheral medical care settings and point-of-care. There has b…
Amitesh Gupta, Eshutosh Chandra, Shipra Anand, Naresh Kumar, Richa Arora, et al.
… TB, including compromised immune functionality, concurrent HIV infection, and other immunosuppressive states. Furthermore, the challenges associated with LTBI diagnosis are elucidated, encompassing the absence of a definitive diagnostic assay, and the merits and demerits of tube…
Roxana Rustomjee
…970s and 1980s and the subsequent devastating impact of the HIV-1 pandemic, the rising emergence of drug resistance as well as the growing disparity in disease burden between developed and developing countries. Progress has also been hindered by the slow development of more effec…
Seyedeh Mahnaz Karimi
…public health infrastructure, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemics, and the emergence of drug resistance. In spite of various modern treatments, some reasons like total cost, efficacy, safety, and drug resistance have caused a global willingness towards natural remedies. …
Anna Starshinova, Ekaterina Belyaeva, Olga Irtyuga, Giunai Sefiyeva, Lubov Mitrofanova, et al.
… "pregnancy" OR "pregnant women".Pregnant women living with HIV are at increased risk of developing tuberculosis, which can negatively affect both maternal and perinatal outcomes. Screening for tuberculosis is recommended for all HIV-positive pregnant women, even in the absence o…
Simon Tiberi
…t their lifetime; this increases with immunosuppression and HIV infection. The course of illness is chronic and indolent. However, rapid progression to fulminant disease may result if the host is immunocompromised. Pulmonary TB is the most common and important form of TB because …
Eduarda Rabello, Fernanda de-Paris
…infectious agent worldwide, a burden further exacerbated by HIV co-infection and the increasing prevalence of drug-resistant strains. Although a wide range of laboratory diagnostic methods are currently available, their applicability, implementation, and clinical impact vary subs…
Charlotte A. Roberts, Peter Davies, Kelly E. Blevins, Anne C. Stone
…e leading cause from a single infectious agent (higher than HIV infection). Classed as a re-emerging infectious disease and a disease of poverty, it has been estimated that 10 million people fell ill with TB in 2019, and there were 1.2 million deaths. Around one-quarter of the po…
Bijan J. Ghassemieh, Masahiro Narita
…tion, but no evidence is available for its effectiveness in HIV-positive persons. A regimen of 3 months of once weekly INH plus rifapentine (3HP) is also a preferred treatment for adults and children aged >2 years, including HIV-positive persons. However, 3HP is associated with a…
Ruizi Ni, Yanhua Liu, Alice Armanni, Giulia Ghisleni, Sara Fumagalli, et al.
… screening and sequencing strategies for people living with HIV, children, the immunosuppressed, and pregnant women. At the biomarker level, we integrate host-derived analytes (CXCL1, CCL8, IP-10, CD38CD27⁻ T cells, and Fc-glycosylated antibodies) with pathogen-derived ant…
Sethi Amit, A. Puneet, S. Prabhpreet
…tes, chronic use of steroids, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and other such factors. This article attempts to focus on the diagnostics and management of LTBI. The treatment of LTBI to all infected may not be possible due to infection rates in countries like India as high as 4…