Showing 1–15 of 15 documents
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Katherine Timboe, J Brooks Jackson, Greta L Becker
…hough effective treatments are available, treatment length, drug toxicity, and the emergence of drug-resistant strains have challenged TB control efforts. Current clinical trials are focused on developing shorter, safer, and more effective regimens that incorporate both new and r…
Charisse Mandimika, Gerald Friedland
…allenges in the prevention and treatment of TB/HIV disease. Drug-susceptible and drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemics are a consequence of reactivation of latent TB infection (LTBI), treatment-related amplification of TB resistance mut…
Coad Thomas Dow, Liam Obaid
…ulmonary inflammation, and synergized with standard anti-TB drugs to enhance bacterial clearance. Additionally, DHEA and its analogues have demonstrated direct antimycobacterial activity, likely by interfering with Mtb mycolic acid synthesis, a property BEA is believed to share. …
Lara Beth Gadkowski, Connie A. Haley
…rium tuberculosis</italic> DNA and mutations that confer TB drug resistance. Treatment of drug-susceptible TB consists of isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol for 2 months, followed by isoniazid and rifampin for 4 months. Monitoring for drug interactions, toxicity, i…
Seyedeh Mahnaz Karimi
…mmunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemics, and the emergence of drug resistance. In spite of various modern treatments, some reasons like total cost, efficacy, safety, and drug resistance have caused a global willingness towards natural remedies. Therefore, the aim of this chapter is…
Anna Starshinova, Ekaterina Belyaeva, Olga Irtyuga, Giunai Sefiyeva, Lubov Mitrofanova, et al.
…ostpartum period, for the benefit of both mother and child. Drug-drug interactions play a significant role in tuberculosis management, both among anti-tuberculosis agents and with medications for comorbid conditions. Current knowledge of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics …
Shahnawaz Majeed, Safiya Mehraj, Zahoor Ahmad
… per year. Approximately 4,65,000 people fell ill with multidrug or rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB)/year. This deadly TB scenario demands new TB drug regimens to tackle global infection reservoir, and worldwide spread of drug resistance and DS TB. Successful entry o…
Hannah Jarvis, Onn Min Kon
…use of rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. Drug resistance is an increasing problem. Around 1.5 million people die from TB each year. Infection tends to present with a worsening of chronic respiratory symptoms in patients with underlying lung diseases. Diagnosis …
Deepak V. Sawant, Shivaji H. Pawar
… high in developing nations, where diagnosing of latent TB, drug-resistant TB, and HIV co-infected, pediatric TB remains still a challenge. There are so many low sensitive conventional TB diagnosis methods are available which are responsible for delay in early-stage TB diagnosis.…
Angela Hidalgo-Gajardo, Bryan Mangui, Carla Villavicencio, Jorge R Toledo, Frank Camacho
…eatment is long, complex, and conducive to the emergence of drug-resistant strains. In this context, heat shock protein X (HspX), also known as Rv2031c or α-crystallin, has emerged as a potential biomarker and vaccine candidate. This 16-kDa protein is predominantly expresse…
Charlotte A. Roberts, Peter Davies, Kelly E. Blevins, Anne C. Stone
… to become ill with the disease. Even though TB is curable, drug resistance is a particular challenge in treatment regimens. In 2014 and again in 2018, the World Health Organization’s <italic>The End TB Strategy</italic> was approved by the World Health Assembly, with the goal of…
Yang Cui, Haoran Li, Tianhui Liu, Rujie Zhong, Jiaying Guo, et al.
…le global public health challenge. The rising prevalence of drug-resistant TB and increased human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) co-infection further exacerbate TB control efforts. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) achieves highly heterogeneous infection outcomes (active disease, lat…
Eduarda Rabello, Fernanda de-Paris
…rbated by HIV co-infection and the increasing prevalence of drug-resistant strains. Although a wide range of laboratory diagnostic methods are currently available, their applicability, implementation, and clinical impact vary substantially across healthcare settings with differen…
Guadalupe García-Elorriaga, Del Rey-Pineda Guillermo
…deliver faster findings than standard phenotypic culture in drug susceptibility testing. Furthermore, the results of tests that detect or quantify cytokines released during the inflammatory process in latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), such as the Interferon-Gamma Release Assa…
Roxana Rustomjee
…ating impact of the HIV-1 pandemic, the rising emergence of drug resistance as well as the growing disparity in disease burden between developed and developing countries. Progress has also been hindered by the slow development of more effective tools such as point-of-care diagnos…