Showing 1–25 of 36 documents
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Risha Hazarika, Sanjukta Patra
Rifampicin resistance continues to pose a challenge to successful tuberculosis (TB) control, mainly driven by mutations in the rpoB gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Although most diagnostic tools, such as Xpert MTB/RIF, Xpert Ultra, and line probe assays, focus on the standard…
Qiuyue Song, Junlin Liu, Chunhua Wang
…s future development directions for tuberculosis laboratory diagnostics, aiming to provide valuable methodological references for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis.
Thi Mai Nguyen, Emily Lai-Ho MacLean, Xiaomei Zhang, Sophia B Georghiou, Hui Xia, et al.
… to select 238 studies published between 2000 and 2024. The diagnostics options have expanded rapidly since 2020, with 27 nucleic acid amplification tests, eight line probe assays, five DNA microarrays, two targeted next-generation sequencing platforms, and two whole-genome seque…
Sarman Singh, Arti Shrivas
Tuberculosis (TB) is still a major health concern. However, each year more than one-third of all global TB cases remain undetected and unreported. On top of that, emergence of drug-resistant TB poses a major challenge. Therefore, a Reliable, Accessible, Cost-Effective, and Easy (…
Siti Soidah, Toto Subroto, Irvan Faizal, Muhammad Yusuf
Rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) remains a major threat to global TB control, primarily driven by mutations in thegene of(Mtb). Most resistance-conferring mutations occur within the 81-base pair RIF resistance determining region (RRDR), particularly at codons S450L, H445…
Ayman Elbehiry, Eman Marzouk, Husam M Edrees, Riyad AlShaqi, Abousree T Ellethy, et al.
…his comprehensive review explores recent advancements in TB diagnostics, antimicrobial resistance (AMR surveillance), treatment strategies, and vaccine development. It critically evaluates cutting-edge technologies including CRISPR-based diagnostics, whole-genome sequencing, and …
Ingrid Burkhardt, Florian Götzinger, Lahia Iipumbu, Elizabeth Whittaker, Gunar Günther, et al.
…atment. However, recent years have brought rapid changes to diagnostics, prevention, and treatment strategies. **AREAS COVERED:** We present current data on pediatric and adolescent MDR-TB combined with expert opinion to guide the reader through the pediatric and adolescent MDR-…
Selvamano Selvaraj, Jayaprakash N S
…rticle presents a brief review of recent developments in TB diagnostics, covering immunological, molecular, and monoclonal antibody-based platforms. The review also discusses the emerging role of artificial intelligence and deep machine learning platforms as complementary diagnos…
Defne Yigci, İlker Kayı, Yusuf Ziya Demiroğlu, Murat Kutlu, Zeki Kılıçaslan, et al.
**BACKGROUND:** Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global public health challenge. We provide an overview of the current TB epidemiology in Turkey, highlighting key findings related to TB incidence, diagnostic challenges, and treatment outcomes. **RESULTS:** A gradual …
Sandeep Rai, Abhishek Sen, Harsh Shah, Jay Patel
…tem included insufficient drug resistance testing, delay in diagnostics, a lack of healthcare personnel, inadequate referral chains, and inconsistent treatment regimens. Lack of streamlined referral pathways and non-standardised treatment regimens posed problematic operational ch…
Radha Gopalaswamy, Selvakumar Subbian
SUMMARYThe global resurgence of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) presents a formidable challenge to public health, driven by a complex interplay of mycobacterial evolution, dynamics and outcomes of host-pathogen interactions and systemic gaps in diagnosis and treatment strateg…
Leeberk Raja Inbaraj, Mukesh Kumar Sathya Narayanan, Priya Rajendran, Bella Devaleenal Daniel, Sivakumar Shanmugam, et al.
**INTRODUCTION:** Early diagnosis and treatment initiation are essential to prevent ongoing tuberculosis (TB) transmission and reduce the disease burden. Smear microscopy, which is widely used test for diagnosis, has limited sensitivity and does not detect rifampicin resistance. …
Christian Tague
HIV coinfection and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) pose a major public health challenge in sub-Saharan Africa, where high HIV prevalence promotes tuberculosis progression and complicates its management. In people living with HIV (PLHIV), profound immunosuppression lead…
Komal Saxena, S Shyni Carmel Mary, Prolay Ghosh, Chinnem Rama Mohan, Mohd Naved, et al.
**BACKGROUND:** Tuberculosis (TB) is still the largest cause of death in the world, especially in countries with low and medium incomes. Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB), which is resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin, is a new type of tuberculosis that makes treatment …
H Manisha Yapa, Emily L-H MacLean, Nicolas A Menzies, Peter J Dodd, Anna Dean, et al.
…bal DR-TB epidemiology and strategies for DR-TB prevention, diagnostics, and treatment. Gaps remain in DR-TB diagnosis, TB drug susceptibility testing (DST), and treatment. The review also shows that DR-TB causes significant post-disease disability, particularly chronic lung dise…
Leeberk Raja Inbaraj, Bella Devaleenal Daniel, Chandrasekaran Padmapriyadarsini
Treatment outcomes of tuberculous meningitis (TBM), a disease with high mortality depends on early diagnosis and management. The global and regional burden of TBM and drug resistant TBM (DRTBM) are largely unknown. DRTBM is associated with poorer treatment outcomes. The wider use…
Ravindra Kumar Garg
…resistance, and host factors are urgently needed. Precision diagnostics, new therapeutic agents, and artificial intelligence - driven tools may reduce mortality and improve outcomes.
Jean de Dieu Iragena, Achilles Katamba, Dissou Affolabi, Moses Joloba, Willy Ssengooba
Tuberculosis remains a leading infectious disease killer in the World Health Organization African Region, with 2.5 million cases and 404,000 deaths in 2023, including 112,000 people with HIV. There is slow progress with only 42% of the 75% targeted reduction in death by 2025. Out…
Ulan Kozhamkulov, Sholpan Iglikova, Anar Rakisheva, Joseph Almazan
: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remains a significant public health threat in Central Asia, where rising resistance to first-line anti-TB drugs challenges control efforts. As of 2024, the World Health Organization (WHO) reports that over 2.5% of new TB cases and 18% o…
… treatment challenges need to be developed to address rapid diagnostics, effective drug delivery, and improved patient adherence.There is a need to find more sustainable and innovative ways to manage and successfully treat MDR-TB.
Hossein Jooya, Sama Yavari, Maryam Meskini, Seyyed Mohammad Amin Mousavi-Sagharchi, Seyed Davar Siadat, et al.
Tuberculosis (TB) exerts profound detrimental impacts on global human populations. This infectious disease is primarily caused by(MTB), a highly adapted pathogen that undergoes rapid genomic evolution, enabling it to acquire resistance to targeted antimicrobial agents. The emerge…
María Asunción Pérez-Jacoiste Asín, Francisco López-Medrano, José María Aguado
is a significant opportunistic pathogen in solid organ transplant recipients, primarily due to the chronic immunosuppression required to prevent graft rejection. Lung and heart transplant recipients are particularly susceptible to tuberculosis (TB) reactivation, as they ofte…
Aan Sutandi, Martika Hijriani, Apriana Rahmawati, Harizza Pertiwi
…nfirmed through drug sensitivity testing or rapid molecular diagnostics (e.g., GeneXpert).Due to this resistance to first-line anti-tuberculosis medications, MDR-TB necessitates prolonged treatment with secondline drugs.This study aimed to analyze risk factors associated with MDR…
Christopher Dye
…early diagnosis and chemotherapy, aided by developing novel diagnostics (easier) and therapeutics (harder), and carried out in the context of primary healthcare. This reinforces three major goals of global health at the same time—strengthen primary healthcare, reach Universal Hea…
Rajender Kumar, Apurva Sood, Harmandeep Singh, Bhagwant Rai Mittal
Amongst, extrapulmonary tuberculosis, the abdominal involvement is an important type that may present with nonspecific clinical features. It is considered a mimicker of many other gastrointestinal pathologies; hence it poses a significant diagnostic challenge leading to delayed d…