Showing 1–25 of 124 documents
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Rajeev Ranjan, Venkata Siva Reddy Devireddy
Drug resistant tuberculosis is a major public health concern, since the causative agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis is resistant to the most effective drugs against tuberculosis treatment ie., rifampicin and isoniazid. Globally, it accounts 4.6 percent of the patients with tubercu…
Parikshana Mathur, Pinky Choudhary, Rajkuberan Chandrasekaran, Ragini Singh, Hemant Kumar Daima
…nt even after the global initiatives and emergence of multi-drug resistance (MDR) strains have made the situation complicated. Herein, the exploitation of the same medications for several decades, ineffective drug administration, and insufficient patient follow-up are some of the…
Mani Sharma, Sakshi Kansal
…are numerous factors responsible for the emergence of multi-drug resistance and extensively drug resistance cases of tuberculosis, which involves high pill burden, prolonged treatment, low compliance, and stiff administration schedules. Continuous efforts have been done to develo…
Chiara Sepulcri, Francesca Saluzzo, Daniele Roberto Giacobbe, Antonio Di Biagio, Daniela Maria Cirillo, et al.
**INTRODUCTION:** Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) still represents a critical global health threat despite recent therapeutic advances. The shift from long, injectable-based regimens to shorter, all-oral regimens has improved outcomes, yet substantial challenges remain in ens…
Parissa Farnia, Ali Akbar Velayati, Jalaledin Ghanavi, Poopak Farnia
Drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a complex phenomenon resulting from multiple coordinated molecular and genetic mechanisms that allow the bacterium to evade antimicrobial agents. Intrinsic resistance primarily stems from the unique architecture of the mycoba…
Komal Saxena, S Shyni Carmel Mary, Prolay Ghosh, Chinnem Rama Mohan, Mohd Naved, et al.
… especially in countries with low and medium incomes. Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB), which is resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin, is a new type of tuberculosis that makes treatment and disease control much harder. Conventional diagnostic methods, like quantitative…
Yashna Sukdeo, Nozibusiso Pearl Shozi, Nonsikelelo Ndimande, Kingsley Chimaeze Mbara, Peter M O Owira
…void the hostile host immune defence systems and also mount resistance to chemotherapy when exposed to antibiotic stress. MTB's epigenetic survival tool-kit includes genomic DNA histone acetylation/deacetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitylation, etc. The non-coding h…
Sandeep Rai, Abhishek Sen, Harsh Shah, Jay Patel
The emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB), especially multi drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), is increasingly threatening the effectiveness of India's National TB Elimination Program (NTEP). This review seeks to analyse the patient and health system challenges conc…
Zomer Sardar, Carla Y Kim, Jackson A Roberts, Safia Bano, Kiran T Thakur
**BACKGROUND:** This study aims to investigate drug resistance patterns in pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), including central nervous system (CNS)-TB, using the largest reference multidrug resistance laboratory in Punjab, Pakistan. **METHODS:** Retrospective data…
Nandini Gupta, Ramesh K. Goyal, Bhoomika M. Patel
…ssociated with this disease is due to the presence of multi-drug-resistant bacterial strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mechanisms of drug resistance for both first-line and second-line drugs are discussed. The existing limitations of these agents are also addressed in this c…
Radha Gopalaswamy, Bhargavi Subramanian, Manisha Parthasarathy, Chandrasekaran Padmapriyadarsini, Sivakumar Shanmugam
Timely detection of drug resistance is a pre-requisite to tuberculosis management globally. While phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (pDST) by liquid or solid method takes time, current genotypic DST assays can be performed directly from clinical specimens but target only a l…
Keertan Dheda, Aliasgar Esmail, Anzaan Dippenaar, Robin M. Warren, Jennifer Furin, et al.
…lecular epidemiology, diagnosis, and clinical management of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). Tuberculosis (TB) is far from eradicated and remains the foremost single infectious disease killer worldwide. Molecular epidemiology has played an important role in advancing our unde…
Shweta Tiwari, Ankit Kumar Singh, Aarshu Acharya, Joyabroto Ghosh, Rashmi Prabha Singh
…sis against the human defence system and the development of drugs against MTB, with particular emphasis on the mechanisms of drug resistance and mutations that render them ineffective globally. There is also a discussion of the MTB lineage and the mutant types. The mechanism…
Md Abdur Rahim, Hoonhee Seo, Indrajeet Barman, Mohammed Solayman Hossain, Md Sarower Hossen Shuvo, et al.
…tibiotics, which leads to complications such as recurrence, drug resistance, reinfection, and a range of side effects. This scenario underscores the urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies to combat this lethal pathogen. Over the last two decades, microbiome therapeutics hav…
Shashikanta Sau, Puja Kumari Agnivesh, Arnab Roy, Sunil Kumar, Nitin Pal Kalia
…neration of ATP and inhibitors can be targeted against both drug-resistant and drug-susceptible Mtb. Interestingly, under nutrient-starved and hypoxic conditions, NDH-2 expression is upregulated to sustain the energy requirements of Mtb. This adaptive regulation highlights that N…
Muhammad Sikandar, Li Xing
…veloped different mechanism of action against antimicrobial drug therapies, posing a significant threat to effective treatment against Mtb. This review article provides an overview of the recent advancements in the mechanism of drug resistance in Mtb and highlights how drugs targ…
Antibiotic resistance poses a threat to global public health. Tuberculosis therefore continues to progress because of the emergence of multi-drug resistant strains.
Miriam Abadie, Alexander Kay
**PURPOSE OF REVIEW:** To summarize recent advances in drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) treatment for people with HIV (PWH), including drug-drug interactions, investigational medications and host-directed therapy, as well as emerging evidence on novel treatment regimens, post-…
Harsha Avinash Bhute, Avinash N Bhute, Kishor B Waghulde, Bharati P Vasgi, Reshma Sonar, et al.
**BACKGROUND:** Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a major public health problem around the world, especially in low- and middle-income countries where quick and accurate testing is needed for effective treatment and control. Traditional ways of diagnosing, like cultur…
Jasdeep Singh, Prashant Pradhan, Arti Kataria, Sanjeev Sinha, Nasreen Z Ehtesham, et al.
… proteins. We also mapped identified LLPS proteins in(M.tb) drug-resistant databases PubMLST and TBProfiler, based upon the WHO 2023 catalogue of resistance-associated mutations. High sequence conservation of LLPS-associated proteins in various multiple drug-resistant M.tb isolat…
Simon Tiberi, Temi Lampejo, Alimuddin Zumla
Rifampicin-resistant Tuberculosis (RR-TB) and Multidrug resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) are a current global health threat, and are characterised by high mortality, chronic sequelae, complexity and high cost. The drug resistant form of this infectious disease was globally respons…
Jambi Ratna Raja Kumar, Laxmi Bewoor, Kalyani Kadam, Sunil M Sangve, Mayuri B Satpute
…pes, complicated by the hierarchical clinical taxonomies of drug resistance that are not typically leveraged in existing predictive modeling. We developed a taxonomy-driven, hierarchical classification framework trained on a large and diverse multimodal cohort of subjects from th…
Leeberk Raja Inbaraj, Bella Devaleenal Daniel, Chandrasekaran Padmapriyadarsini
…s and management. The global and regional burden of TBM and drug resistant TBM (DRTBM) are largely unknown. DRTBM is associated with poorer treatment outcomes. The wider use of latest rapid diagnostic molecular tests including nucleic acid amplification tests paves way for better…
Arpit Raj, Vikrant Abbot, Kapil Kumar
The rational drug design and development of new medication requires an appropriate understanding of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anti-TB drugs. Nevertheless, the implementation and processing of drugs were not quite effective at the early stage of development that…
Ndiviwe Mphothulo, Marian Loveday, Hanlie Myburg
**BACKGROUND:** People on drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) treatment face multiple challenges, which include severe disease and treatment side effects, together with psychosocial and socioeconomic challenges. These challenges impact patients' ability to remain in care and comp…