Showing 176–200 of 200 documents
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Rafael Laniado-Laborín
One-third of the world's population is infected with M. tuberculosis. It is from this vast pool of infected people where the new cases of active disease originate. Most of these cases of latent infection are found in low-income countries where national tuberculosis programs conce…
Apoorva Narain, Surya Kant, Rikesh K. Dubey, Kanchan Srivastava, Anand Kumar Maurya
… diseases. Also, it can aid in the development of effective vaccines as well as simple, rapid, and cost-effective tests for the diagnosis of TB, which are crucial for the management and control of the disease.
Kumaragurubaran Karthik, Manimuthu Prabhu
Bacterial diseases of goats can cause huge economical loss to the farmers. Due to intensification of goat farming and poor hygienic practices there is increase in the number of bacterial diseases that affect the goats. Diseases like tuberculosis, Johne’s disease and Brucellosis a…
Metin Yıldırım, Nejat Düzgüneş
…terial infections, as well as recent experimental liposomal vaccines against tuberculosis. Liposome-mediated intravenous or inhalational delivery of antibiotics enhances the antibacterial effects of the drugs, particularly for infections of resident macrophages, where the liposom…
Srivathsa Shankar Kurpad, Neeraj Dhar
…s how this knowledge is being leveraged to develop improved vaccines and therapeutic strategies.
Manish Dwivedi, Priya Giri
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the deadly diseases in the present era caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Principally, this bacterium attacks the lungs, however, MTB Has been observed affecting any part of the human body including the kidney, spine, and brain. Drug-resistant progr…
Mamun Al Mahtab, Julio Ca Rubido, Gerardo E Guillen, Eduardo Penton, Osamu Yoshida, et al.
**UNLABELLED:** Hepatitis B is a global pandemic, being one of the rare infectious causes of the rising number of deaths globally, whereas these numbers are on the decline with all other major infections like malaria, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS, to name a few. We have useful anti…
Sarman Singh, Arti Shrivas
…Newer drugs and treatment regimens have been introduced and vaccines are in the pipeline. Despite these advances and opportunities, a precise, affordable, and accessible diagnostic model is yet to be evolved, especially in rural and difficult-to-reach areas, where the most desira…
Benson Olu Akinshipe, Anthony Chukwuka Nwaobi, Emmanuel Babatunde Adedeji, Friday Alfred Ehiaghe, Herbert Obi Okpala
Host immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTb) is mediated by cellular immunity in which cytokines and MTb-specific T cells play an important role. The detection of MTb and discrimination between different states of MTb infection is possible by immunodiagnostic tes…
Dhara Gosai, Jigar B. Gosai, Omprakash Shital Shukla
Background: Tuberculosis is the world's second leading cause of death from an infectious disease, being second only to AIDS. There is a lack of good data on the prevalence of all types of tuberculosis among children in India; most surveys have focused on pulmonary tuberculosis. T…
Roxana Rustomjee
…cs and treatments for active and latent disease, preventive vaccines, and laboratory assays of disease progression, immune protection, and cure. This lack of progress is, in turn, related to a poor understanding of the fundamental relationship between Mycobacterium tuberculosis a…
Sonia Singh, Yogesh Murti, Nitin Agrawal
Tuberculosis is commonly called TB and considered to be the most contagious disease. This disease is caused by a causative agent known as Mycobacterium tuberculosis within the host body cells. Emergence incidence of XDR and MDR of tuberculosis are due to high dose intake and prol…
Meenu K. Sharma, Quinn Wonitowy, Hafid Soualhine
The Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) is comprised of species M. tuberculosis, M. bovis including M. bovis BCG (vaccine strain), M. caprae, M. pinnipedii, M. africanum, M. microti, M. canettii, “M. mungi”, and “M. orygis” (Woods et al., Susceptibility testing of mycobacte…
David N. McMurray
The relationship between malnutrition and tuberculosis is probably as ancient as the disease itself. One approach to the identification of nutritional determinants of resistance to tuberculosis has been to utilize a guinea pig model of low-dose pulmonary infection with virulent M…
W. Henry Boom
M. tuberculosis remains one of the most successful human pathogens. The ability of M. tuberculosis to elicit vigorous acquired immune responses and use of the macrophage as primary cell to infect, suggest that the organism has evolved multiple strategies to survive and persist in…
Sandy B. Primrose
The principal diseases caused by mycobacteria are tuberculosis and leprosy. Descriptions of both diseases can be found in pre-Christian Greek literature and DNA from both has been recovered from ancient skeletons. Leprosy is caused by <italic>Mycobacterium leprae</italic> and <it…
Lydia Gibango, Anna-Mari Reid, Jonathan L. Seaman, Namrita Lall
Tuberculosis is a prevalent disease that poses a serious threat to human health. Relevant and reliable research can help in improving tuberculosis control globally. Drug development is considered one of the top priorities in tuberculosis research, followed by diagnosis, diagnosti…
Jessica Cassyle Carr
Airborne pathogens are capable of hovering within enclosed spaces for minutes or hours. They travel as tiny particles emitted when a person who has an active infection coughs, sneezes, speaks, sings, or laughs. When a susceptible host is exposed to this air space, they risk inhal…
Sabar Pambudi, Tika Widayanti, Febby Nurdiya Ningsih, Asri Sulfianti, Jodi Suryanggono, et al.
One of the abundant biomarkers in tuberculosis (TB) infected human serum is the Ag85B antigen.The quest for protein biomarkers has been conducted to develop a diagnostic kit and vaccine for TB.Numerous studies have demonstrated that the development of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs)…
Pınar Ergenekon, Arif Kut, Nader Fasseeh
Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious public health problem affecting the entire globe. Despite the fact that Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) vaccine was invented a long time before, MTB is even today one of the most widespread causes of mortality due to a single infectious factor [1, …
Jonathan Sperber
Abstract This chapter investigates disease during the Age of Interconnection. At the beginning of the period, infectious diseases were a major source of mortality, but the introduction of antimicrobials and large-scale vaccination campaigns dramatically reduced their effects. In …
Varsha Srivastava, Manthena Navabharath, Rabea Parveen, Shoor Vir Singh, Sayeed Ahmad
Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is a complex pathogenic bacterium. Being a dairy-borne pathogen and resistant of pasteurization and other sterilization techniques, it is a major cause of the development of inflammatory bowel disorders like Johne’s disease (JD) in …
Ritu Raj Patel, Vidyasagar, Sudhir Kumar Singh, Meenakshi Singh
Despite being a preventable and treatable disease, tuberculosis (TB) remained the second leading infectious cause of death globally in 2022, surpassed only by COVID-19. The death rate from TB is influenced by numerous factors that include antibiotic drug resistance, noncompliance…
William Maepa, Glen Ncube
…sed associated with these diseases irrespective of invented vaccines and other related medications.
Bianca Sossen, Mmamapudi Kubjane, Graeme Meintjes
HIV-associated tuberculosis (HIV-TB) is associated with disproportionate mortality: approximately 24% of the 660,000 individuals with TB and HIV died, compared to 11% of those without HIV dying from TB in 2023. HIV is a key driver of ongoing high TB incidence in many countries, p…