Showing 151–175 of 200 documents
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Ángel Robles‐Marhuenda
Granulomatous diseases are not infrequent in daily clinical practice. Granulomas are the expression of a sufficiently (partial) functioning immune system. Many diseases, with different etiologies (infection, autoimmunity, inflammatory, foreign bodies, malignancy, metabolites, che…
Malti Dadheech, Anand Kumar Maurya
… COVID-19 on TB. The pandemic situation has affected the TB diagnostics, treatment as well as the TB monitoring programmes. The co-infection has more complications, and it worsens the condition. Evidence about the co-infection has shown that COVID-19 infection can occur before an…
Sudhir Kumar Mohapatra
Tuberculosis (TB) is a communal disease with high death and disease rates worldwide. The chest radiograph (CXR) is commonly used in diagnostic solutions for lung TB. Automatic computer-aided solutions to identify TB using CXRs and can advance the efficiency of the diagnostic of T…
Constantin Iavorschi, Stela Kulcitkaia, Igor Ivanes, Nadejda Pisarenco
Pediatric tuberculosis (TB) presents unique diagnostic challenges due to various factors, including the low sensitivity of sputum examination, difficulties in obtaining samples, and the presence of paucibacillary forms of the disease. This retrospective-descriptive study aimed to…
Olga Adriana Căliman-Sturdza
…in survivors. Recent advances include improved nucleic-acid diagnostics for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), refined pediatric regimens, and emerging intensified/adjunctive treatments. Narrative synthesis of current guidelines and peer-reviewed articles (priority on 2019–2025), with an…
Andreia Guimarães Nunes, Márcio Cunha Rodrigues, Carolina Carneiro, Ana Catarina Costa
Cavitary lung lesions represent a frequent yet challenging finding in thoracic imaging, encompassing a wide range of potential etiologies, including infectious, neoplastic, and inflammatory processes. Accurate diagnosis is essential, as treatment and prognosis vary significantly …
Stefano Orlando, Loredana Andreea Silaghi, Mariagrazia Cicala, Mathambo William Lowole, Cacilda Massango, et al.
…ons include reducing costs and expanding access to advanced diagnostics and antiretroviral therapy; prioritizing comprehensive, high-quality care over simplified delivery models that risk compromising diagnostic accuracy and fostering drug resistance; integrating HIV programs wit…
Marcos Henrique Teles Simão de Melo, Luana Bretas dos Santos Leonhardt, Jônatas Ferreira de Sá, Paulo Roberto Dias Bobenrieth
Pericardial tuberculosis is a rare and potentially fatal form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis that poses a diagnostic challenge, especially in endemic regions. This article reviews its clinical, epidemiological, and diagnostic aspects, based on literature published between 2012 an…
Rafael Laniado-Laborín
Although sputum microscopy remains the most widely used diagnostic method worldwide, given its low sensitivity (50-80%) and specificity (it does not distinguish M. tuberculosis from nontuberculous mycobacteria), more rapid, sensitive, and specific methods are required nowadays. C…
Ahmad Faris Daradkeh, Basil Alawyia, Hassan Ballas, Nikolaos Spernovasilis, Danny Alon-Ellenbogen
…arch in new and emerging interventions like new vaccine and diagnostics technology development. All these factors aim to optimize intervention effectiveness for tuberculosis and protect the health and welfare of workers in the medical field.
Shivprasad Kasat, Mahendra Biradar, Ashish Deshmukh, Sunil Jadhav, Hafiz Deshmukh
This chapter aims to determine the effectiveness and reliability of CBNAAT in the diagnosis of extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) cases in comparison to AFB smear. Tuberculosis is still a major public health issue around the world. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is thought to infect…
Mohini Agrawal, K Shyamsundar, Keerthana Raghu, Rajiv Raman, L Dhanurekha, et al.
**BACKGROUND:** Intraocular tuberculosis (OTb) is a sight-threatening manifestation of Mycobaterium tuberculosis infection. It is characterized by a wide spectrum of clinical phenotypes, including anterior uveitis, posterior uveitis, retinal vasculitis, and choroiditis. Diagnosis…
Jean de Dieu Iragena, Achilles Katamba, Dissou Affolabi, Moses Joloba, Willy Ssengooba
Tuberculosis remains a leading infectious disease killer in the World Health Organization African Region, with 2.5 million cases and 404,000 deaths in 2023, including 112,000 people with HIV. There is slow progress with only 42% of the 75% targeted reduction in death by 2025. Out…
Nuraddin Nasir Goronyo, Bih H Chendi, Shalena Naidoo, Novel N Chegou
…immune checkpoint with potential to inform host-directed TB diagnostics and therapies, offering a new angle for precision immunology in high-burden settings. Large-scale, longitudinal studies are needed to define its role in host immunity and determine its translational value.
Namgyal dolma, Smriti Sharma
This chapter significantly defines Tuberculosis (TB) as an infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis bacillus. M. Tuberculosis is rod-like in shape, highly aerobic and it requires high levels of oxygen. It’s a serious illness which mainly affects the mammalian respi…
Christian Kraef, Ole Kirk
**PURPOSE OF REVIEW:** In the European region of the WHO, the largest part of tuberculosis (TB)/HIV co-infection is found in parts of Eastern Europe. In other parts of Europe, TB among people with HIV has been declining with migrants at highest risk. This review provides an overv…
Sthefane Louise Gomes Nunes, Eleonora Salles-Silva, Luiza Carvalho Ambrozino, Paula Lemos de Castro, Mayra Veloso Ayrimoraes Soares, et al.
Rare non-tumoral hepatic lesions encompass a heterogeneous group of vascular, post-traumatic, infectious, inflammatory, and reactive conditions. Diagnosis of these lesions is challenging due to variable imaging appearances and nonspecific clinical presentations, and many lesions …
Su Hyeon Im, Ji Young Rho, Se Ri Kang
The detection of progressive massive fibrosis (PMF) in regions where silicosis is endemic presents diagnostic challenges due to its resemblance to other conditions, such as lung cancer and tuberculosis on radiographs. Therefore, there is an increasing reliance on chest CT due to …
Sonia Menon, Kobto Ghislain Koura
… AI-driven predictions in national TB programmes to enhance diagnostics, track trends, and strengthen public health surveillance. While promising for reducing transmission and supporting TB care in low-resource settings, these models require large-scale validation to ensure real-…
Nitin Gupta, Bela Bhat, Shreya Das Adhikari, Sonali Singh, Sundeep Malla, et al.
… fluid analysis, and integration of serologic and molecular diagnostics. A syndromic framework is used to classify presentations and refine the differential diagnosis based on CD4 count, rate of progression, and radiological patterns. The review also discusses principles of manag…
Meiru Chen, Yating Wang, Dongqiang Zhao
**BACKGROUND:** Hepatic hilar tuberculosis lymphadenitis is a rare condition that often mimics other diseases, leading to diagnostic challenges due to its nonspecific clinical presentation. It can be easily mistaken for a malignant tumor, complicating the diagnostic process. **C…
Karthikeyan Sundaram, Sathyapriya Subramani, Venkataraman Prabhu
…ively analyze the recent developments of nanoparticle-based diagnostics advances to detect tuberculosis.
Kate Louther
**BACKGROUND:** Public Health Nurses perform many of the fundamental services of tuberculosis control practices, and they ensure patients receive proper treatment, monitor their health, and work to prevent the spread of the disease through community outreach and screening. The co…
Andrea Migliorelli, Marianna Manuelli, Andrea Ciorba, Francesco Stomeo, Stefano Pelucchi, et al.
Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be the foremost cause of mortality from infectious diseases on a global scale, with laryngeal tuberculosis (LTB) constituting a rare, yet clinically significant form of extrapulmonary TB. Despite accounting for less than 1% of total TB cases, LTB is…
Shibu Vijayan, Aswathy M Nair, Nimmy Dominic, Justy Antony Chiramal, Saniya Pawar, et al.
Medical imaging is fundamental to healthcare systems, aiding in the detection of internal abnormalities related to medical conditions beyond their physical symptoms. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), limited access to advanced imaging and scarcity of radiologists for i…