Showing 151–175 of 200 documents
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Md Atik Faysal, Mostafa Hanafy, Denise K Zinniel, Fatema Yeasmin Tanni, Ezhumalai Muthukrishnan, et al.
Cell death mechanisms play a fundamental role in mycobacterial pathogenesis. We critically reviewed 94 research manuscripts, 44 review articles, and 4 book chapters to analyze important discoveries, background literature, and potential shortcomings in the field. The focus of this…
Yingxiao Han, Songwei Ma, Rui Ma, Jingjing Li, Lei Qiu, et al.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture filtrate proteins (MTB-CFPs) are critical for tuberculosis diagnosis and vaccine development. To explore their diagnostic potential, MTB was statically cultured in Sauton's medium for 15 days; MTB-CFPs were collected, fractionated using six…
Isil Aksan Kurnaz, Ekin Sonmez, Augustine Ovie Edegbene, Gergely Toldi, Muhammad Qasim, et al.
…ostics, challenges such as multidrug resistance, inadequate vaccines, diagnostic gaps and health inequities continue to impede global control efforts. This review explores emerging insights into host-pathogen interactions, with emphasis on host-directed interventions, trained inn…
Pouya Goleij, Alireza Amini, Sajad Abolfazli, Mohammad Mahdi Heidari, Mohammad Amin Khazeei Tabari, et al.
…he foremost causes of illness and death worldwide. Although vaccines, antimicrobial treatments, and anti-inflammatory agents have improved disease management, their overall impact remains limited because of the intricate regulation of immune responses at epithelial surfaces. With…
Pulak Pritam, Sreelipta Das, Sandeep Kumar Behera, Monali Sahoo, Lopamudra Subudhi, et al.
The disease tuberculosis, caused by, is one of the leading causes of global human mortality. The rise of multidrug and extensively drug-resistant strains of the pathogen and the limited efficacy of the BCG vaccine is one of the major concerns worldwide. Conventional chemotherapy …
Margarida Saraiva, William J Branchett, Jyothi Rengarajan, Anne O'Garra
…ng been identified, these cannot predict the efficacy of TB vaccines, nor which individuals will control the infection or progress to active TB disease. This is especially challenging given the complexity of M. tuberculosis infection states and the breadth of TB disease severitie…
Ming-Rui Sun, Jia-Yin Xing, Xiao-Tian Li, Ren Fang, Yang Zhang, et al.
…ogenicity mechanisms of Mtb will aid the development of new vaccines and anti-tuberculosis drugs. In this review, we summarize the latest research progress on Mtb virulence factors to provide a reference for targeted TB treatment.
Gerald Mboowa
Drug-resistantremains a significant global public health threat. While whole-genome sequencing (WGS) holds immense promise for understanding transmission dynamics and drug resistance mechanisms, its integration into routine surveillance remains limited. Additionally, insights fro…
Shweta Tiwari, Ankit Kumar Singh, Aarshu Acharya, Joyabroto Ghosh, Rashmi Prabha Singh
…ycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Despite the development of vaccines and antibiotics to cure the disease, it remains a major global problem due to the development of several ingenious pathogenic pathways. This comprehensive review introduces the mechanisms of bacterial pathogenes…
Mariana Araújo-Pereira, Bruno B Andrade
Tuberculosis infection (TBI) affects approximately one quarter of the global population and constitutes the principal reservoir sustaining future cases of tuberculosis disease (TBD). Interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) have become central tools for identifying TBI, particular…
Keming Wang, Yijie Wang, Liuluan Zhu, Yue Zhang
CCL20 is a key chemokine that regulatess immune cell dynamics, with prior reviews primarily focusing on its roles in tumorigenesis via the CCL20-CCR6 (CC chemokine receptor 6) axis. This review synthesizes emerging evidence of CCL20's critical functions in infectious diseases, sp…
Anjali Saxena, Summer Bhagra, Shuvayoo Das, Naveen Kaushik, Biswajit Saha
TB remains a significant global health burden due to protracted therapeutic courses, poor patient compliance, and toxicities associated with drug treatment, as well as concerns arising from increasingly prevalent multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant strains of M. tu…
Gabriel de Moraes Mangas, Jose Gregorio Valero Rodriguez, João Alexandre Ranzeiro de Bragança Dos Santos, Flavia Nunes Benicio de Souza, Luis Felipe Leite da Silva, et al.
…ions, and, more recently, SARS-CoV-2 infections or COVID-19 vaccines. In developing countries, especially in Africa, tuberculosis is the leading cause of pericarditis, often associated with HIV. Diagnosis is based on clinical criteria, such as chest pain and electrocardiographic …
Ted Lankester
Abstract This chapter describes the recent status, impact, and control of tuberculosis (TB) worldwide through the End TB strategy. It gives examples of how government and civil society programmes can work together, with the roles and tasks of each clearly defined. It gives exampl…
John G. Bartlett, Robert Redfield, Paul A. Pham
…nd cryptococcal meningitis, co-trimoxazole prophylaxis, HIV vaccines, differentiated service delivery models of HIV care, important global trials, and further recommended reading.
Nathan Falk, Rosa Joseph, Marvin Dieujuste
Lymphadenopathy occurs in 0.6% of the population annually, usually from a benign cause. History should focus on lymph node location, duration of lymphadenopathy, associated symptoms (particularly fever, night sweats, and unintentional weight loss), past and current medical condit…
Taeeun Kim, Sang-Ho Choi
Diabetes mellitus predisposes individuals to a broad spectrum of infections. People with diabetes face a 1.5- to 4-fold increased risk of both common and severe infections, and infections remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Chronic hyperglycemia impairs neutrophi…
Richard M. Hodes, Mogues Azbite
Tuberculosis is one of the most serious health problems in developing countries, causing almost 7% of all deaths in 1990. Tuberculosis may contribute significantly to protein malnutrition, especially in those with borderline nutritional status due to increased protein catabolism …
Wei Shen Lim
Abstract Pneumonia is an acute or chronic infection involving the pulmonary parenchyma. Most cases are caused by microbial pathogens, the commonest being Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, legionella, anaerobic bacteria,…
Vaseem Anjum
…en a new hope. The multidrug therapy coupled with the newer vaccines promise better results to prevent further transmission. Globally and locally the efforts to decrease the burden of leprosy by using different strategies has resulted in elimination of leprosy. But there is still…
Heni Muflihah, Warwick J. Britton
Protective immunity induced by new tuberculosis (TB) vaccines was assessed by an immunology assay measuring cytokines. Intra-cytoplasmic cytokine staining (ICS) requires optimization as an easy-to use package kit is not available. This preliminary study aims to optimize the perio…
Muhammad Imran Qadir, Faryal Batool
Tuberculosis is a bacterial disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and can adversely affect the lungs and other parts of the body. It can be easily transmitted and can even cause death if not treated on time. In a report by WHO 10.4 million people were infected with TB in 2…
Charles R. Newton
…ficantly over the last few decades with the introduction of vaccines; appearance of organisms resistant to antimicrobial and anti-parasitic drugs; increase in number of immunocompromised people from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and oncological conditions; and increased move…
Rafael Laniado-Laborín
Traditionally little attention has been paid to pediatric tuberculosis by clinicians, researchers, decision-makers, and even by national tuberculosis programs. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Report for the year 2018, 10 million people developed TB in 2017…
Yanhua Liu, Ling Yang, Maryam Meskini, Anjana Goel, Monique Opperman, et al.
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by(MTB), remains a significant global health challenge. Recent advancements in gut microbiota (GM) research have shed light on the intricate relationship between GM and TB, suggesting that GM alterations may influence host susceptibility, disease progres…