Showing 76–100 of 137 documents
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Maryam Meskini, Ashok Aspatwar
…equently coexists with chronic conditions such as diabetes, HIV, malnutrition, sarcoidosis, and lung cancer. These comorbidities profoundly reshape the host immune, metabolic, and tissue environments, disrupting pathways that govern Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) containment an…
Benson Olu Akinshipe, Anthony Chukwuka Nwaobi, Emmanuel Babatunde Adedeji, Friday Alfred Ehiaghe, Herbert Obi Okpala
… during anti-TB treatment (ATT). Overall, 84 BCG-vaccinated HIV-negative adults, consisting of 25 Healthy Community Controls (HCC), 27 Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI) cases, and a cohort of 32 Acute Pulmonary Tuberculosis (APTB) patients were investigated for IFN-\(\gamma\) …
Kodai Suzue, Yasuo Tanaka, Naoki Akazawa, Akiko Saito, Natsuyo Yamamoto, et al.
…oms initially improved with therapy. PRs are less common in HIV-negative patients, and presentations as tuberculous hepatic abscesses are rare. Furthermore, PRs occurring after completion of TB treatment are uncommon, making it difficult to distinguish them from TB relapse. We re…
Emranul Kabir, Mahbub Alam, Md Ismail Haque
…therapies, but challenges like toxicities, drug resistance, HIV incompatibility, and lack of knowledge about drug processes persist. TB remains one of the most prevalent infectious diseases globally, impacting millions annually. It has led to the spread of multidrug-resistant str…
Christopher Dye
…TB, such as co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), in settings where these risks cause a high proportion of cases and deaths; and mitigate the large number of weaker TB risks that have benefits for other health conditions (diabetes, undernutrition) and for society …
Urvashi B Singh, Raghuram Rao, Sanjay Kumar Mattoo, Nishant Kumar, Veena Dhawan, et al.
…reatment and addressing key drivers such as undernutrition, HIV, and diabetes. DOST emphasizes subnational adaptation: high-burden states prioritize disease reduction, while states nearing low incidence shift toward preventing flare-ups and sustaining progress. Rooted in the Hind…
Jingxian Ning, Rong Wang, Yuchen Pan, Xinru Fei, Wenxin Jiang, et al.
…rly unfavorable survival outcomes. Patients coinfected with HIV and tuberculosis (TB/HIV) consistently showed very short survival times, whereas individuals with pneumoconiosis but without tuberculosis had substantially longer survival compared to those with both conditions. Life…
Manoj Mandal, David Pires, José Miguel Azevedo-Pereira, Elsa Anes
…bacterial species, is highly frequent in people living with HIV. The continuing epidemics of both chronic infections and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance, as well as the lack of effective diagnostic tools and drug-drug interactions, pose major challenges in the fight aga…
Lotte W Nijman, Simona M Cristescu, Robert S Jansen
…sive sampling or low sensitivity. Especially in the case of HIV co-infection, pediatric patients, EPTB and drug-resistant TB, obtaining adequate samples and detecting and treating TB is challenging. Breath analysis is an alternative tool for TB diagnosis that can potentially over…
… and more than 80% of patients with active tuberculosis are HIV positive and at high risk of developing active disease. Intraocular TB constitutes a very small percentage of uveitis cases in North America and Europe (about 0.5%) but represents a much larger proportion in the deve…
Rafael Laniado-Laborín
…ar, there were 1.3 million deaths due to tuberculosis among HIV-negative people; children accounted for 15% of all deaths from TB, a percentage higher than their share of estimated cases. Clinical presentation of pulmonary TB varies according to the age of the patient. Infants fr…
Ben J Marais, H Simon Schaaf
…verty, social disruption, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. This article reviews the disease burden and the natural history of disease in children with TB. It also provides guidance regarding the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of TB in children.
Vincent J. C. van Winden, Edith N. G. Houben, Miriam Braunstein
…s the most deadly infectious agent in the world, surpassing HIV and the malaria parasite (1). One issue facing efforts to control TB is that the live attenuated bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine strain is not able to provide lifelong protection against M. tuberculosis (2). A…
Fatma Tokgöz Akyıl, Kamil Janeczek
…able and treatable disease, it caused 1.2 million deaths in HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) negative individuals and 208,000 deaths in HIV-positive individuals in 2019 [1].
Gabriela Sadigurschi, Maria Cristina Caetano Kuschnir, Ewerton Alves Portela Dos Santos, Bruno Rangel Antunes da Silva, Celia Menezes Cruz Marques, et al.
…ctiveness in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), among other obstacles. Therefore, this study aims to explore the key obstacles in developing new TB vaccines and potential strategies to overcome them.
Sonia L. Betancourt
…untries. Patients with impaired cellular immunity including HIV (+), elderly, prisoners, and indigents and homeless patients have an increased susceptibility for active TB disease. Primary infection usually resolves without complications in immunocompetent patients. The most comm…
Roxana Rustomjee
…970s and 1980s and the subsequent devastating impact of the HIV-1 pandemic, the rising emergence of drug resistance as well as the growing disparity in disease burden between developed and developing countries. Progress has also been hindered by the slow development of more effec…
Salma Madihi, Achraf Aainouss, Mly Driss Ei Messaoudi, Abdelouaheb Benani
…burden, the leading cause of death among people living with HIV, and one of the main causes of death linked to antimicrobial resistance. The World Health Organization (WHO) launched in 2015 the End TB Initiative that aims to reduce TB cases and deaths by 2035. However, despite so…
Yasmeen Al-Hindawi, Onno W Akkerman, Anthony Byrne, Raquel Duarte, Ernesto Jaramillo, et al.
…val. Risk factors for PTLD include increasing age, smoking, HIV infection, delayed diagnosis, and poor socioeconomic conditions. Action to limit PTLD may be taken before TB develops through TB screening, early diagnosis and TB preventive treatment, during treatment of TB, and upo…
Santiago Martínez-Jiménez
…cally an indolent infection except in immunocompromised and HIV infected patients. Imaging plays a crucial role in suggesting NTMI as a possible diagnosis in this patient population. Always consider classic or cavitary NTMI in patients with upper lobe cavitary disease similar to …
Samson Haumba, Fezokuhle Khumalo, Sandzisile Mavimbela, Thokozani Maseko
…al health services and interventions for people living with HIV (PLHIV) remain limited, despite the high prevalence of mental health disorders among PLHIV and tuberculosis (TB) patients in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In this chapter, “Addressing Mental Health Needs …
Beatriz Barreto-Duarte, Klauss Villalva-Serra, Ricardo Alexandre Arcêncio, Julio Croda, Ethel Leonor Noia Maciel, et al.
…icularly when associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and antimicrobial resistance. Despite the progress in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, global elimination remains elusive and is driven largely by socioeconomic inequalities and systemic challenges. Although sc…
Seyedeh Mahnaz Karimi
…public health infrastructure, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemics, and the emergence of drug resistance. In spite of various modern treatments, some reasons like total cost, efficacy, safety, and drug resistance have caused a global willingness towards natural remedies. …
Meng Zeng, Jiyu Ran, Yun Luo, Xue Zhou, Yan Hu, et al.
…omised, as most patients also present comorbidities such as HIV, diabetes mellitus, and nutritional deficiencies. Consequently, the development of new, non-toxic immunomodulatory drugs or treatment strategies may offer viable solutions to these issues. Vitamin D not only plays a …
Anna Starshinova, Ekaterina Belyaeva, Olga Irtyuga, Giunai Sefiyeva, Lubov Mitrofanova, et al.
… "pregnancy" OR "pregnant women".Pregnant women living with HIV are at increased risk of developing tuberculosis, which can negatively affect both maternal and perinatal outcomes. Screening for tuberculosis is recommended for all HIV-positive pregnant women, even in the absence o…