Showing 51–75 of 137 documents
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Alessandra Manca, Andrea Calcagno, Antonio D'Avolio, Jessica Cusato
…itating dose adjustments in patients coinfected with TB and HIV. Some variants of ABCB1 , OATP1B1 , PXR , VDR , CYP24A1 , and CYP27B1 may further modulate the plasma and intracellular concentrations of EMB, thereby influencing drug efficacy. **CONCLUSIONS:** This review highligh…
Phool Chandra, Prashant Kumar, Surya Nath Pandey, Manoj Kumar Bisht
…) due to the phagocytic cells of the host. Further, TB with HIV infection induces a high level of ROS &RNS through the activation of phagocytes. Oxidative stress is developed due to an imbalance between the functionality of free ROS and associated antioxidant mechanisms. These fr…
Alberto Matteelli, Luca Rossi, Sofia Lovatti, Anna Cristina Calçada Carvalho, Anita Sforza
…ens and provided advice on their use considering TB burden, HIV status, age and pregnancy. The major problems related to TPT are duration of treatment, toxicity and tolerability, completion rates, and interactions between rifamycins and other drugs. To date, we are still far from…
Charity Oga-Omenka, Angelina Sassi, Nathaly Aguilera Vasquez, Namrata Rana, Mohammad Yasir Essar, et al.
…5.6 million people living with tuberculosis (TB) and HIV, respectively, were undiagnosed. Many patients never access appropriate testing, remain undiagnosed after testing or drop out shortly after treatment initiation. This underscores challenges in accessing healthcare fo…
Jennifer Chipps, Thandazile Sibindi, Amanda Cromhout, Antoine Bagula
…a focus on conventional machine learning, a health focus on HIV and/or tuberculosis (TB) and cancer, and a lack of big data in fields other than cancer. **CONCLUSION:** There has been an increase in the use of machine learning in the analysis of health data, but access to big da…
Rafael Laniado-Laborı́n
…cts is higher than 50%. Contacts who are <5 years of age or HIV infected have the most significant risk of developing tuberculosis once they acquire the infection. In latent tuberculous infection, most bacilli are metabolically inactive, and only a few are replicating. In immunoc…
Xinen Kong, Jiayi Yang, Jiajun Wang, Jiaxiang Li, Xiaoying Jin, et al.
…xtensively drug-resistant TB, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection, lack of effective vaccines and diagnosis methods, as well as the low treatment efficacy of anti-TB therapeutics lead to multiple difficulties and challenges in TB control. Host immune defense is critic…
Joydeepa Darlong, Joy Kim, Subhojit Goswami, Chhavi Tyagi, Govindasamy Karthikeyan, et al.
…ealing is defined and experienced in leprosy, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, diabetes mellitus, and schizophrenia, and to identify conceptual and practical lessons relevant for post-cure leprosy care. **METHODS:** A scoping review was conducted following the Arksey and O'Malley framewo…
Nirjhar Saha, Mainak Chatterjee, Tejas M. Dhameliya, Asit K. Chakraborti
…ug-resistant (TDR) TB strains, as well as co-infection with HIV. For nearly half a century since the first TB drug was invented, there had been a scarcity of new anti-TB drugs. Though in the past decade about half a dozen new drugs have been added to the arsenal of anti-TB therap…
Şule Kızıltaş, Aylin Babalık
… million people died from TB, including 214,000 people with HIV [1]. The clinical features of tuberculosis vary widely. Patients may present with pulmonary involvement, extrapulmonary involvement (more rarely), or both. Early, accurate diagnosis and treatment of TB are of critica…
Rafael Laniado-Laborín
…state of immunosuppression (for example, people living with HIV, patients receiving immunosuppressive treatment, malnourished, etc.). For the diagnosis of latent TB, we currently have in vitro tests to determine the release of interferon-γ (IGRA´s), with higher specificity than t…
Guadalupe García-Elorriaga, Del Rey-Pineda Guillermo
…ion, especially in patients with paucibacillary illness and HIV-positive persons. A variety of molecular TB detection assays are now being developed and reviewed, some for use in reference laboratories and others for peripheral medical care settings and point-of-care. There has b…
Caterina Davoli, Chiara Rossi, Andrea Ciccarone, Francesca Bertoni, Marina Calamelli, et al.
…ldren, pregnant and breastfeeding women, people living with HIV, and those with challenging TB forms (e.g., central nervous system, bone, disseminated). The overall aim is to discuss how far we still are from the goal of a public health approach to the treatment of MDR-TB.
Sílvia Muller de Moura Sarmento, Rodrigo Silveira Pinto
…wed the predominance of pulmonary TB and its relations with HIV co-infection, population deprived of freedom and smokers, individuals susceptible to infections by the bacillus. Conclusion: The monitoring of the attributes should be continuous, and the results may assist in the de…
Jonny Peter, Helen Hoenck, Rannakoe Lehloenya
…cant clinical challenge, particularly in people living with HIV (PLH). Treatment interruption during active TB, especially with comorbid immunosuppression can be detrimental. This review highlights global variations in management practices and emphasizes the need for a more perso…
Amitesh Gupta, Eshutosh Chandra, Shipra Anand, Naresh Kumar, Richa Arora, et al.
… TB, including compromised immune functionality, concurrent HIV infection, and other immunosuppressive states. Furthermore, the challenges associated with LTBI diagnosis are elucidated, encompassing the absence of a definitive diagnostic assay, and the merits and demerits of tube…
Keertan Dheda, Aliasgar Esmail, Anzaan Dippenaar, Robin M. Warren, Jennifer Furin, et al.
…kely effective drugs. Management of DR-TB in the setting of HIV-coinfection is challenging and associated with high mortality.
Tom Boyles
…iagnostics including difficulties encountered following the HIV pandemic then presents a seminal paper from 2010 describing the high diagnostic accuracy of Xpert MTB/RIF. The chapter then explains that appropriate diagnostic research was not carried out but instead researchers ca…
OECD, World Health Organization
…c indirect impact-, an estimated 1.3 million deaths amongst HIV-negative people globally (WHO, 2021[1]). TB cases and deaths occur disproportionately amongst men, but the burden of disease amongst women is also high as it remains amongst the top three killers for them in the worl…
Anete Trajman
…pulationsPopulation targeted for TPT are people living with HIV and contactsContact of patients with pulmonary TB. New tests to detect TBI and shorter and better-tolerated treatment regimensRegimentreatment to treat TBI have been incorporated by several countries in recent years,…
Ted Lankester
…tensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB, and of co-infection with HIV. It describes the ongoing value of the DOTS strategy (Directly Observed Treatment-short course) and the limited value of the current BCG vaccine. The chapter emphasizes ways to reduce infection such as strict control…
Vishal Chopra, Kranti Garg
…entification and treatment of Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and diabetes mellitus (DM) in patients diagnosed with TB, and provide nutritional support, in order to improve the TB treatment outcomes. An array of other co-morbidities which remain undiagnosed and untreated have …
OECD, World Health Organization
… and relapsed) TB cases worldwide, 1.2 million deaths among HIV-negative people globally. More than 40% of new cases and almost half of deaths were estimated in India, Indonesia and Pakistan alone. Most of these TB cases and deaths occur disproportionately among men, but the burd…
Rafael Laniado-Laborı́n
…e advanced age, female gender, immunosuppression (including HIV) and chronic comorbidities. Symptoms and signs are usually non-specific, and except for miliary forms, the chest radiograph might be normal; therefore, the diagnosis of EPTB is frequently delayed with the consequent …
Shantanu Bhati
…so 1.5 TB-related deaths (1.1 million and 0.4 million among HIV-related deaths, HIV disease), approx. 890,000 men, 480,000 women and 140,000 children.