Showing 26–50 of 73 documents
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Mpho Phehello Ngoepe, Maluta Steven Mufamadi
… chemical methods. Treatment for extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) has always been a challenge, as many patients fail to complete treatment requiring four to five active drugs over a 24-month period. Failure to identify new antimicrobials is of major concern due to an …
Vinay Jasani, Ahmed Abdelaal, Mohamed Mohamed
…ost challenging problems facing the global fight to control tuberculosis. Drug resistance to antituberculous chemotherapy is a spectrum which includes mono-drug resistance (e.g. rifampicin resistance), multidrug resistance (MDR), extensively drug resistant (XDR), and finally tota…
Maciej Michalik, Tomasz Lorenc, Krzysztof Marcinkowski, Mateusz Muras, Natalia Mikszta, et al.
Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) poses a significant global health threat, particularly in low- and middle-income countries with limited access to quality healthcare. By 2023, 10% of global tuberculosis cases were classified as drug-resistant, with multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB)…
Anita Saibannavar, Gurjeet Kaur, Nitin Kumbhar
**INTRODUCTION:** Drug resistant Tuberculosis (DR-TB) continues to be a major concern for public health, particularly in countries like India with high disease burden. Recognizing resistance trends and appropriate therapeutic approach is critical for improving patient outcomes an…
Hemali Savla, Bhushan S. Bhale, Nisha Sharma, Pradnya R. Petkar
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is a major public health problem affecting millions of people worldwide. The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extremely drug-resistant (XDR) strains of Mtb has further increased the disease-related mortality…
Bidyarani Devi Konjengbam, Heikrujam Nilkanta Meitei, Anupama Pandey, Reena Haobam
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), continues to be a major health problem globally. The emergence of multi-drug-resistant TB and extensively drug-resistant TB has become a severe threat to TB control programs. Currently, the Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BC…
Parissa Farnia, Ali Akbar Velayati, Jalaledin Ghanavi, Poopak Farnia
Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the world's most urgent public health challenges, with a substantial global burden that continues to affect millions annually. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Tuberculosis Report 2024, approximately 10.6 million people deve…
Xin Mao, Jingkai Wang, Junchi Xu, Ping Xu, Huijie Hu, et al.
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), remains a major global health threat, compounded by the rise of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. This review critically examines the current landscape of laboratory diagnostic me…
Sunil Bajeja, Kandula Jayapaul, Poonam Gaur, Chinnem Rama Mohan, Abhinav Pathak, et al.
**BACKGROUND:** The bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) cause tuberculosis (TB), which is still a major public health problem around the world. This is especially true now that drug-resistant forms of TB like Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) and Extensively Drug-Resistant (XDR) a…
Terry E. Robinson, Jane Scullion
Abstract This chapter covers the key facts about tuberculosis (TB), then goes on to describe the epidemiology and pathophysiology of the disease. Risk factors, and signs and symptoms, and investigations are all covered. The treatment phase and standard drug therapies are shown, a…
Nazia Ahmad, Zeyaul Islam, Sohan Dhar, Pankaj Kumar, Rana Zaidi
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by the infectious agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), has resulted in the highest mortality rates, even surpassing HIV/AIDS. The rise of Drug-resistant TB has worsened the health crisis and urgently requires new treatment approaches. The WHO has appr…
Xinen Kong, Jiayi Yang, Jiajun Wang, Jiaxiang Li, Xiaoying Jin, et al.
Tuberculosis (TB), a chronic zoonotic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, remains a major public health burden worldwide. The increasing threatens of multidrug-resistant/extensively drug-resistant TB, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infe…
Akriti Gaurav, Saif Hameed, Amit Kumar Singh, Zeeshan Fatima
**BACKGROUND:** Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, continues to pose a serious global health threat, especially with the rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains. Progress in developing new therapeutics relies on preclin…
Christian S Carnero Canales, Jessica Ingrid Marquez Cazorla, Renzo Marianito Marquez Cazorla, Aline Martins Dos Santos, Jonatas Lobato Duarte, et al.
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains a major global health concern, particularly due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant strains. The persistence and propagation of TB are favored by the pathogen's sophisticated…
S.Z.Z. Cobongela, Tintswalo Mgwenya
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), remains a critical global health issue, with 1.3 million deaths reported in 2022. Despite available treatments, TB’s high morbidity and mortality rates, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, are exacerbate…
Tushar Garg
…of effective treatments for complicated multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensive drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB), it will be challenging to achieve the World Health Organization (WHO) goal to end the global TB epidemic by 2035. The treatment of MDR- and XDR-TB…
Nicole C. Cardoso, Carel B. Oosthuizen, Nashied Peton, Vinayak Singh
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a major global health concern given the increase in multiple forms of drug-resistant TB. This underscores the importance of a continuous pipeline of new anti-TB agents. From recent studies, it is evident that the increas…
Apoorva Narain, Surya Kant, Rikesh K. Dubey, Kanchan Srivastava, Anand Kumar Maurya
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) has been an exceptionally successful human pathogen over the centuries, infecting almost one-third of the global population. An exponential increase in tuberculosis (TB) cases, mainly by the drug-resistant (DR) strains of MTB, has created an urgen…
Ren Fang, Xingyue Yang, Xiaotian Li, Jiayin Xing, Mingrui Sun, et al.
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. The extensive use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant and extensivel…
Shahista, Jappreet Kaur, Amit Kumar Singh, Vivek Kumar Garg
Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is described as tuberculosis that is not responding to one or more anti-TB medications. A person is diagnosed with DR-TB if they do not respond to regular TB treatment; then a more challenging treatment regimen and a longer treatment duration a…
Sri Widyarti, Mudyawati Kamaruddin, Sherry Aristyani, Meity Elvina, Saraswati Subagjo, et al.
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading infectious diseases in the world. The disease is commonly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) bacteria which are capable of rapidly spreading through droplet transmission. In developing countries, poverty and malnutrition cause immun…
Luana Layse Câmara de Almeida, Sayoane Pessoa Fernandes, Genil Dantas de Oliveira, Marcelly da Silveira Silva, Thalisson Amorim de Souza, et al.
Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading infectious disease killer and one of the major causes of deaths worldwide. Although TB is a curable and preventable disease, in 2023, approximately 10.8 million people fell ill with TB and there were an estimated 1.25 million of deaths worldwide. De…
Prashant Wakhare, Shagufta Md S Sheikh, Pragati Mahale, Pritesh Patil, Sanjay Bhilegaonkar, et al.
**BACKGROUND:** Tuberculosis (TB) is still the most common infectious disease that kills people around the world. Drug-resistant types like multi-drug resistant (MDR-TB) and widely drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) are becoming more common, which makes treatment much harder. Molecular t…
Mahesh T. Chhabria, Divya Teli
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health threat, with the emergence of drug-resistant strains posing significant challenges to traditional treatment approaches. This necessitates continuous innovation and the development of novel strategies in TB drug discovery. This chapter exp…
Na Tian, Hongqian Chu, Qi Li, Hong Sun, Jingfang Zhang, et al.
…ed by multiple and extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, which are increasingly difficult to treat using conventional therapies. This article reviews various HDT candidates, including repurposed drugs, explores their underlying mechanisms such as autophag…