Showing 26–50 of 200 documents
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Karthikeyan Sundaram, Sridhar Rathinam, Venkataraman Prabhu
Tuberculosis and systemic fungal diseases are opportunistic and challenging to diagnose. However, in immunocompromised people, especially people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV), the signs and symptoms of both diseases highly imitate each other. Primarily, chronic…
Madeleine T Dang, Kara Lukas, Daniel H Choi, Timothy J Chu, Vishwanath Venketaraman
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is an infectious disease characterized by the invasion ofbeyond the lungs. Diagnosis is frequently delayed due to nonspecific clinical presentations that vary by organ system, making diagnostic imaging essential for disease detection, characteri…
Tobias Broger, Mark P. Nicol, Rita Székely, Stephanie Bjerrum, Bianca Sossen, et al.
Traditional diagnostic methods, such as culture or smear microscopy, are slow or low in sensitivity. More sensitive modern techniques, such as Xpert MTB/RIF, require a certain infrastructure, are costly, and are not widely accessible. Diagnostic accuracy was determined separately…
Eamonn Gormley, David E MacHugh, Kieran G Meade
As a zoonotic disease, with a global impact on animal health, welfare and trade, bovine tuberculosis (bTB), caused by infection with Mycobacterium bovis, has been subject to strict control measures in many countries to reduce the impact of the disease on cattle and their handlers…
Pierre Goussard, Ernst Eber, Lisa Frigati, Leonore Greybe, Shyam Sunder B Venkatakrishna, et al.
**OBJECTIVES:** To investigate the role of both diagnostic and interventional paediatric bronchoscopy in the management of respiratory diseases in children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). **DESIGN:** A review of published English literature from January 2014 to Febr…
Amitesh Gupta, Eshutosh Chandra, Shipra Anand, Naresh Kumar, Richa Arora, et al.
…andscape pertaining to latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) diagnostics, with a particular emphasis on the global ramifications and the intricacies surrounding LTBI diagnosis and treatment. It accentuates the imperative of bolstering diagnostic, preventive, and treatment modaliti…
Isil Aksan Kurnaz, Ekin Sonmez, Augustine Ovie Edegbene, Gergely Toldi, Muhammad Qasim, et al.
…tious diseases worldwide. Despite advances in treatment and diagnostics, challenges such as multidrug resistance, inadequate vaccines, diagnostic gaps and health inequities continue to impede global control efforts. This review explores emerging insights into host-pathogen intera…
Sarman Singh, Arti Shrivas
Tuberculosis (TB) is still a major health concern. However, each year more than one-third of all global TB cases remain undetected and unreported. On top of that, emergence of drug-resistant TB poses a major challenge. Therefore, a Reliable, Accessible, Cost-Effective, and Easy (…
Hindol Maity, Supriya Meshram, Keshao Hiwale, Pratibha Narang
…ularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based diagnostics. The review also underscores the importance of integrating human, animal, and environmental data within the One Health framework. It advocates for expanded molecular speciation in clinical workflows and impro…
Rajwinder Kaur, Varsha Sharma, Anju Kumari
Female genital tuberculosis (FGTB), a form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), is an under-recognized but significant cause of female infertility, particularly in developing countries. It primarily spreads through the hematogenous route and …
H Alzarooni, H Molabe, F Malherbe
Breast tuberculosis (TB) is a rare form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, accounting for 0.1% of all breast conditions globally, with a higher incidence in endemic regions such as India, East Asia, and sub-Saharan Africa. It can mimic breast carcinoma, complicating timely diagnosis…
Balasundaram Revathi Mani, Usharani Brammacharry, Venkateswari Ramachandra, Muthuraj Muthaiah
…berculosis (TB) is a priority for global TB control. Molbio Diagnostics has developed the TrueNat point-of-care molecular assays for detecting TB and rifampicin (RIF) resistance. Until 2020, the Xpert system was the only WHO-recommended option for rapid molecular detection of bot…
Wiem Feki, Amal Chakroun, Amina Kammoun, Fatma Hammami, Khaoula Rekik, et al.
**PURPOSE:** Infectious sacroiliitis (ISI) is a rare condition with non-specific symptoms, often leading to delayed diagnosis We aim to describe the clinical, microbiological, and radiological characteristics of infectious sacroiliitis (ISI), and to highlight the diagnostic and f…
Wida Purbaningsih, Sadeli Masria, Yani Triyani, Maya Tejasari
Diagnosing extrapulmonary tuberculosis remains difficult because not all medical care facilities can do it as the microbiological examination of tissue materials requires invasive action and special equipment. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis diagnosis should be made by observing clin…
Lotte W Nijman, Simona M Cristescu, Robert S Jansen
… breath and their strengths and limitations for the disease diagnostics. We conclude that breath analysis could be a promising TB diagnosis tool, calling for standardization of breath collection and validation of data obtained with various analysis techniques to ensure both sensi…
Siti Soidah, Toto Subroto, Irvan Faizal, Muhammad Yusuf
Rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) remains a major threat to global TB control, primarily driven by mutations in thegene of(Mtb). Most resistance-conferring mutations occur within the 81-base pair RIF resistance determining region (RRDR), particularly at codons S450L, H445…
Angela Hidalgo-Gajardo, Bryan Mangui, Carla Villavicencio, Jorge R Toledo, Frank Camacho
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the only licensed vaccine for tuberculosis, but it provides limited and inconsistent protection against pulmonary TB in adults. Furthermore, current diagno…
Gustavo Esteban Lugo-Zamudio, Oscar Sosa-Hernández, Briceida López-Martínez, Clemente Cruz-Cruz, Emilio Mariano Durán-Manuel, et al.
In Mexico, syphilis and tuberculosis are infectious diseases subject to mandatory and immediate epidemiological surveillance, both with special systems that allow nominal follow-up for either variant. Surveillance uses the operational definitions of probable and confirmed cases e…
Md. Abir Tazim Chowdhury, Munama Magdum
This chapter will discuss bronchopulmonary actinomycosis and our clinical recommendation with the literature review. Actinomycosis is a disease caused by filamentous Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria of the genus Actinomyces. It is a rare and slowly progressive infectious disease …
Matthew Smyth, Monica Diaz, Deanna Saylor
**PURPOSE OF REVIEW:** We review recent advances in diagnosis and treatment of chronic meningitis, focusing on tuberculous meningitis (TBM), cryptococcal meningitis (CM), syphilitic meningitis, neuroborreliosis, and recurrent chronic meningitis. Noninfectious causes and unique ch…
Ewelina Szacawa, Łukasz Radulski, Marcin Weiner, Krzysztof Szulowski, Monika Krajewska-Wędzina
Thecomplex (MTBC) represents one of the most significant bacterial pathogen groups affecting both animals and humans worldwide. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of MTBC species distribution across different animal hosts and evaluates current laboratory diagnostic met…
L M Méndez-Rodríguez, L C Nocua-Báez, G Mejía-Salgado, A de-la-Torre, C A Álvarez-Moreno
Infectious uveitis is an inflammation of the uveal tract, corresponding to the middle layer of the eye, triggered by a response against an infectious agent. This condition is classified into anterior, intermediate, posterior and panuveitis. The most frequent infectious agents in …
Shahista, Jappreet Kaur, Amit Kumar Singh, Vivek Kumar Garg
Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is described as tuberculosis that is not responding to one or more anti-TB medications. A person is diagnosed with DR-TB if they do not respond to regular TB treatment; then a more challenging treatment regimen and a longer treatment duration a…
Tonino Alonzi, Elisa Petruccioli, Alessandra Aiello, Federica Repele, Delia Goletti
Tuberculosis (TB) remains the leading cause of death worldwide from a single infectious disease. An estimated quarter of the world's population, about 2 billion people, has an immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) without clinical, microbiological, or radiological s…
Rupali Jain, Vinay Kandula, Drew A Torigian, Achala Donuru
This review focuses on the diverse etiologies of secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (SSP) and the crucial role of imaging in their diagnosis. Unlike primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP), which is typically due to ruptured blebs, SSP results from a wide array of underlying pulmo…