Showing 1–25 of 34 documents
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Heinke Kunst, Dominik Zenner, Giovanni Sotgiu
…bold> Kunst H, Zenner D, Sotgiu G. How do migrations affect tuberculosis burden? Tuberculosis control among migrant populations. <italic>In:</italic> García-Basteiro AL, Öner Eyüboğlu F, Rangaka MX, eds. The Challenge of Tuberculosis in the 21st Century (ERS Monograph). Sheffield…
Martin Dedicoat
A quarter of the world's population may be infected with tuberculosis (TB). In the majority of these people the infection will remain dormant. A variety of risk factors may lead to this latent TB infection (LTBI) becoming active. Treatment of LTBI has been shown to reduce the ris…
Wiwiek Setiowulan, redi rulandani, Helmy Rachman
…ay and no symptoms of TB. Therefore, the patient has latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) but overdiagnosed as TB disease. Due to the negative HIV status of the patient, TB prophylaxis is not indicated. Therefore, reintroduction of ATT was contraindicated, which led to lack ident…
Salmaan Keshavjee, T. Nicholson, Aamir J. Khan, Lucica Diţiu, Paul E. Farmer, et al.
…; participants then received treatment for active or latent Tuberculosis (TB) as needed. Local coalitions can use the experiences and framework to inform how to tailor the own efforts to drive down TB rates one community at a time. Additionally, TB is driven by poverty and is its…
Olga Bilogortseva, Ya. I. Dotsenko
ПЕРЕБІГ ЛАТЕНТНОЇ ТУБЕРКУЛЬОЗНОЇ ІНФЕКЦІЇ У ДІТЕЙ З ВСТАНОВЛЕНОГО ТА НЕВІДОМОГО КОНТАКТУЗ ХВОРИМ НА ТУБЕРКУЛЬОЗ Білогорцева О. І
Rafael Laniado-Laborı́n
Tuberculosis infection occurs when a subject inhales the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli (MTB). An active case of pulmonary or laryngeal tuberculosis generates infectious particles called droplet nuclei of <5 microns in diameter, when coughing, sneezing or through any other fo…
Namgyal dolma, Smriti Sharma
This chapter significantly defines Tuberculosis (TB) as an infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis bacillus. M. Tuberculosis is rod-like in shape, highly aerobic and it requires high levels of oxygen. It’s a serious illness which mainly affects the mammalian respi…
Dženan Kovačić, Adna Softić, Adna Salihović, Jovana Jotanović
Tuberculosis persists among the top 10 causes of death globally; causing 1.7 million deaths and 10 million new infections in 2018. Approximately 1/3 of the global population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis; 10% of which are expected to develop active TB at some point …
Peter Matuku-Kisaumbi
This chapter focuses on how biomarkers of tuberculosis can be utilized in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment monitoring of TB. Tuberculosis biomarkers are measurable molecular indicators present and/or whose levels are altered in disease states. Found in blood, urine, broncho…
Cynthia A. Bonville, Joseph B. Domachowske
Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection caused by the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Infection is transmitted person to person via the airborne route through inhaling infected aerosols. Affected individuals are often completely asymptomatic with the only evidence for inf…
Rafael Laniado-Laborín
…fetime risk of developing active TB in subjects with latent tuberculosis infection without the human immunodeficiency infection (HIV) co-infection is 5-10%; for people living with HIV (PLWHIV), the annual risk is 3-16% per year. The interaction of these two pathogens is complex: …
Simon Tiberi
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is a thin, aerobic, non-spore forming, slow-growing (doubling time twelve hours) non-motile rod-shaped bacteria, belonging to the family Mycobacteriaceae. Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex is made up of several species, including M. tuberculosis,…
Kevin Flores-Lovon, Edwin Herrera, Paola Salinas, Rodney Macedo
Individuals who have co-infection with COVID-19 and tuberculosis (TB) are more likely to have severe illness and higher mortality. Thus, we sought to review the biological, immunological, clinical, and epidemiological interactions between COVID-19 viral infection and Mycobacteriu…
Roxana Rustomjee
Abstract The failure to control tuberculosis (TB) in recent times stems, at least in part, from complacency towards TB control in the 1970s and 1980s and the subsequent devastating impact of the HIV-1 pandemic, the rising emergence of drug resistance as well as the growing dispar…
Guadalupe García-Elorriaga, Del Rey-Pineda Guillermo
Despite breakthroughs in tuberculosis (TB) laboratory detection over the last 30 years, only a small part of the global population has benefited. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends using nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) to detect tuberculosis rather than smear …
Charlotte A. Roberts, Peter Davies, Kelly E. Blevins, Anne C. Stone
Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infectious disease caused by organisms from the <italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</italic> complex, <italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</italic> and <italic>Mycobacterium bovis</italic> being of most importance to humans. TB is one of the top ten …
Lia D’Ambrosio, Denise Rossato Silva
With the overall goal of ending tuberculosis (TB), and eventually approaching TB elimination, several interventions need to be implemented. They include ‘in primis’ early and rapid diagnosis, and effective treatment of people with active disease and with latent TB infection. Glob…
Egídio Torrado, Reinout vanCrevel, Ana Raquel Afonso, Diana Amorim, Raquel Duarte
The interaction of <italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</italic> with components of the innate and acquired immune system has significant implications for the clinical outcome of infection (clearance, latency or progression to active disease). Thus, the risk of progressing from LTB…
Shraddha Lavhale, Rehan Khan, Preenon Bagchi
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a species of pathogenic bacteria of the family Mycobacteriaceae and the causative agent of tuberculosis.First discovered in 1882 by Robert Koch, M. tuberculosis has an unusual, waxy coating on its cell surface primarily due to the presence of mycolic…
Sethi Amit, A. Puneet, S. Prabhpreet
Infection by the organism Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MTB) may not lead to clinical disease in the majority of human beings because of the immune system of a healthy person which prevents disease. However, the bacteria still remains in the body in a hidden form which is known as …
Deepak V. Sawant, Shivaji H. Pawar
Tuberculosis (TB) is a transmissible disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. TB infection affects mainly upper respiratory organs such as the lungs, so-called pulmonary TB. They can also affect multiple organs like bones, joints, skin, and genital organs, etc., are extrapul…
R. N. S. Yadav
…mechanisms, diabetes can increase the chance of contracting tuberculosis (TB). According to studies, hyperglycemia weakens cell-mediated immunity, leaving patients more susceptible to infections. The study showed that the weakening of immunity because of hyperglycemia, is respons…
Sivakumar R. Rathinam, Prajna Lalitha
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a slow-growing acid-fast bacteria. It causes an airborne communicable disease. Inhalation of a droplet containing bacilli reaches alveoli and causes primary tuberculosis (TB) or gets cleared by the immune system. Alternatively, a patient may develop …
Charisse Mandimika, Gerald Friedland
…ment of TB/HIV disease. Drug-susceptible and drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemics are a consequence of reactivation of latent TB infection (LTBI), treatment-related amplification of TB resistance mutations, and transmission of both sus…
Gerry Davies, Charles A. Peloquin
Treatment of active and latent tuberculosis has evolved steadily over the 70 years since the dawn of the antibiotic era with 25 drugs from many distinct classes now in common use in different clinical situations. Pyrazinamide is expected to cause clinically significant drug inter…