Showing 1–25 of 57 documents
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Alina Malic, Adriana Niguleanu, Tatyana Osipov
Treatment of tuberculosis (TB) includes various therapeutic regimens with a combination of at least four drugs. Adherence to the treatment regimen is crucial for efficacy outcomes based on the achievement of appropriate drug levels. Drug-resistant () strains are mainly favored by…
Soham Samajpaty
Mumbai Protocol is a shot in darkness in the field of tuberculosis research. At a time when clinicians around the world are obsessed with rifampicin to an extent of believing that no regimen against tuberculosis can work without it, the Mumbai protocol has opened a new avenue in …
Tushar Garg
…2035. The treatment of MDR- and XDR-TB consists of 4–6 drug regimens for durations of 1–2 years. In this open label, single-group study in 3 sites, the safety and efficacy of a 3-drug regimen, including bedaquiline, linezolid, and pretomanid (BPaL), was assessed for treatment of …
Marcela Muñóz-Torrico, Norma A. Téllez-Navarrete, Heinke Kunst, Linh Nguyen
…nd when to start anti-TB treatment, discuss the recommended regimens for drug sensitive TB. Establish recommended doses of the primary regimen, and finally recommended treatment adjustment in special situations. Effective and on time tuberculosis treatment is essential for TB con…
Rafael Laniado-Laborı́n
…endations for programmatic management (the short and longer regimens) and one for operational research (the BPaL regimen).
Bijan J. Ghassemieh, Masahiro Narita
…ury and a low rate of treatment completion. Rifamycin-based regimens (3 months of once weekly INH and rifapentine, 4 months of daily rifampin, and 3 months of daily INH and rifampin) are now preferred because of their effectiveness, safety, and high treatment completion rates. Pr…
Olga Adriana Căliman-Sturdza
…iagnostics for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), refined pediatric regimens, and emerging intensified/adjunctive treatments. Narrative synthesis of current guidelines and peer-reviewed articles (priority on 2019–2025), with an emphasis on pathophysiology, diagnostics, treatment (drug-su…
Edine Tiemersma, Susan van den Hof, Michael Kimerling
In 2014, with new drugs and regimens becoming available for the treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB), the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended that countries should conduct active pharmacovigilance (PV) for these new drugs and regimens. Because of the c…
Usharani Brammachary, Venkateswari Ramachandra, Suganthi Palavesam, Vidya Raj Cuppusamy Kapalamurthy, Aaina Muralidhar, et al.
…allenging infection to treat worldwide. The contemporary TB regimens consist of 6–9 months of daily doses of four drugs in the existing regimen that is extremely toxic to patients. The purpose of these longer treatments is to eliminate Mycobacterium tuberculosis, notorious for it…
Rafael Laniado-Laborı́n
Although the underlying general principles of management of tuberculosis are the same for all cases, there are certain special situations in which the treatment regimen must be modified. Uremia and post-renal transplant are both risk factors for tuberculosis due to the underlying…
Joseph G. Kariuki, Symon M. Kariuki, Phuti Angel
…iveness of integrating Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) in treatment regimens for preventing and treating peripheral neuropathy and neurotoxic adverse events associated with Rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) medications. A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the practice o…
Pooja Gurram, Alan J. Wright
…verse-transcriptase inhibitor combination. Common treatment regimens for MAC infection include a 2- or 3-drug regimen with a macrolide (azithromycin or clarithromycin), ethambutol, and possibly rifabutin.
Shahnawaz Majeed, Safiya Mehraj, Zahoor Ahmad
…DR/RR-TB)/year. This deadly TB scenario demands new TB drug regimens to tackle global infection reservoir, and worldwide spread of drug resistance and DS TB. Successful entry of single new drug into market is much complicated mission owing to time, cost, efficacy, and safety issu…
Özlem Abakay, Menduh Oruç
Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is transmitted by inhalation of droplets. Medication is the main component of TB treatment. When starting tuberculosis treatment, first a case definition is made and the treatment regi…
Alberto Matteelli, Luca Rossi, Sofia Lovatti, Anna Cristina Calçada Carvalho, Anita Sforza
… latest 2020 guidelines, the WHO recommended five different regimens and provided advice on their use considering TB burden, HIV status, age and pregnancy. The major problems related to TPT are duration of treatment, toxicity and tolerability, completion rates, and interactions b…
S.Z.Z. Cobongela, Tintswalo Mgwenya
…he introduction of these drugs, particularly in combination regimens such as the six-month Bedaquiline, Pretomanid, and Linezolid (BPaL) regimen, has shown promise in reducing treatment duration and improving efficacy for multi-drug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant …
Rafael Laniado-Laborín
One-third of the world's population is infected with M. tuberculosis. It is from this vast pool of infected people where the new cases of active disease originate. Most of these cases of latent infection are found in low-income countries where national tuberculosis programs conce…
Rafael Laniado-Laborín
The treatment of susceptible tuberculosis has evolved in the last 70 years, from requiring the use of toxic drugs (PAS, streptomycin by parenteral route) for two years, to exclusively oral treatment, with a combination of more effective and less toxic medications for six months. …
Mohd Shariq, Javaid Ahmad Sheikh, Farhan Ahmed, Anwar Alam, Seyed E. Hasnain, et al.
…ating drug-resistant TB and are incorporated into treatment regimens. The advantages of drug repurposing, including cost savings, reduced development timelines, and the potential to address the challenges posed by drug-resistant TB, make it a valuable tool in the global fight aga…
Lynn Sosa, Lloyd N. Friedman
This chapter discusses the guidance on options for treatment recommended by established national and international organizations. Generally, practitioners should follow the guidelines specified by the organization that represents the geographical location of the treatment facilit…
Shahista, Jappreet Kaur, Amit Kumar Singh, Vivek Kumar Garg
Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is described as tuberculosis that is not responding to one or more anti-TB medications. A person is diagnosed with DR-TB if they do not respond to regular TB treatment; then a more challenging treatment regimen and a longer treatment duration a…
Sonia Singh, Yogesh Murti, Nitin Agrawal
Tuberculosis is commonly called TB and considered to be the most contagious disease. This disease is caused by a causative agent known as Mycobacterium tuberculosis within the host body cells. Emergence incidence of XDR and MDR of tuberculosis are due to high dose intake and prol…
Vaseem Anjum
Hansen’s disease is one of the most ancient diseases that is still prevalent in the world. The causative agent, Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae) has a long incubation period, clinical features after infection are identified late and these acid fast bacilli cannot be cultured – ma…
Venkateswara Reddy Basu
Author Dr. Basu Venkateswara Reddy, Professor and Head, Department of Pharmaceutics, Sri.K.V.College of Pharmacy, Chikkaballapura, Karnataka, India Abstract The management of respiratory disorders is structured around algorithms that differentiate disease states and guide stepwis…
Mange Ram Yadav, Dushyant V. Patel, Divya Teli, Hiral Shah
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a substantial challenge for public health globally, impacting millions of individuals around the world. Despite extensive efforts to control the disease, it continues to pose a major public health challenge, involving therapeutic implications for multi-d…