Showing 1–25 of 42 documents
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Constantin Iavorschi, Stela Kulcitkaia, Igor Ivanes, Nadejda Pisarenco
Pediatric tuberculosis (TB) presents unique diagnostic challenges due to various factors, including the low sensitivity of sputum examination, difficulties in obtaining samples, and the presence of paucibacillary forms of the disease. This retrospective-descriptive study aimed to…
Wiwiek Setiowulan, redi rulandani, Helmy Rachman
Pediatric drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a life-threatening uncommon disease that can be difficult to diagnose. We present a case of a 10-year old girl with ten days of high fever during her fifth week of ATT (consisting of isoniazid, rifampicin,…
Spinal tuberculosis in pediatric patients is frequently associated with multiple vertebral lesions and could be complicated by kyphosis. The diagnosis should be confirmed by culturing or molecular–genetic study of the pathological tissues that are harvested from the zone of bone …
Christiane Mello Schmidt, Claudete Aparecida Araújo Cardoso, Rafaela Baroni Aurílio, Maria de Fátima Bazhuni Pombo Sant’ Anna, Clemax Couto Sant’Anna
As children develop paucibacillary forms of tuberculosis (TB), bacteriological tests usually are negative. This chapter describes aspects of the laboratory tests available for clinical practicePractice. It also discusses perspectives, such as biomarkers, which can be utilized in …
Jammula Mounika
…0% of childhood TB mortality. This case report focuses on a pediatric patient with obstructive hydrocephalus secondary to tubercular meningitis, complicated by pyrazinamide-induced hepatitis. The elevated dosages of essential antituberculosis agents for pediatric use, recommended…
Aslı İmran Yılmaz
…d incidence of 0.6–1.02 per 100,000. The pathophysiology of pediatric sarcoidosis is believed to be influenced by a multifactorial etiology involving both genetic and environmental components, such as exposure to organic or mineral triggers. Common symptoms include constitutional…
Dinara Adjablaeva
…nd form of tuberculosis. For research of quality of life in pediatric practice, the questionnaire of Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory—PedsQL—is used. The questionnaire of PedsQL 4.0. includes 23 questions, incorporated in 4 scales. Every question has 5 variants of answers: “no…
Olga Adriana Căliman-Sturdza
…eic-acid diagnostics for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), refined pediatric regimens, and emerging intensified/adjunctive treatments. Narrative synthesis of current guidelines and peer-reviewed articles (priority on 2019–2025), with an emphasis on pathophysiology, diagnostics, treatmen…
Shilpa Yashwant Pawar, Sadhana Jagannath Raut, Smita Mundada, Amol Ratnakar Suryawanshi, Prashant Patil
…DS has become prevalent all across the world. As in adults, pediatric HIV/AIDS is on rise all over the world. Since 1981, about 25 million individuals have died around the world as a result of HIV. The risk of mother to child transmission of HIV infection varies from country to c…
Deepak V. Sawant, Shivaji H. Pawar
…osing of latent TB, drug-resistant TB, and HIV co-infected, pediatric TB remains still a challenge. There are so many low sensitive conventional TB diagnosis methods are available which are responsible for delay in early-stage TB diagnosis. There is an urgent demand for precise a…
Rafael Laniado-Laborín
Traditionally little attention has been paid to pediatric tuberculosis by clinicians, researchers, decision-makers, and even by national tuberculosis programs. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Report for the year 2018, 10 million people developed TB in 2017…
Amira El‐Messidi, Alan D. Cameron
A patient is referred by her primary care provider for consultation and transfer of care to your high-risk obstetric unit at a tertiary center. She is a 32-year-old primigravida at 15+3 weeks’ gestation with new abnormalities on chest X-ray and a positive sputum smear for acid-fa…
Şule Kızıltaş, Aylin Babalık
TB is a major cause of human deaths worldwide and the leading cause of death due to an infectious disease after COVID-19 [1]. TB is caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis which is spread from one person to another through the air. M. tuberculosis is estimated to infect…
Pınar Ergenekon, Arif Kut, Nader Fasseeh
Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious public health problem affecting the entire globe. Despite the fact that Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) vaccine was invented a long time before, MTB is even today one of the most widespread causes of mortality due to a single infectious factor [1, …
Jacob D. Hoger, David F. Kisor
Mark S. is a 5'7", 140-lbs., 36-year-old male of East Asian ancestry with a history of chronic vape use (10+ years: when at home he typically puffs his vape pen every few minutes), presenting at the urgent care clinic affiliated with the regional hospital. He is complaining of ex…
Gagan Chooramani, Pooja Singh
The World Health Organization has declared that the spread of tuberculosis is a global emergency. Despite the implementation of strong tuberculosis-control initiatives by WHO, this highly infectious disease continues to affect all vulnerable populations, including the elderly pop…
Ricardo Correia de Abreu, Flavia Alice T. M. Guimarães, Joana Laranjinha, Frederico Duarte, Isabel Neves
Background: Portugal has one of the highest incidence rates of HIV and AIDS and one of the highest percentages of late diagnosis in the European Union. Objectives: Evaluation of late diagnoses between 1998-2018. Comparison of demographic, epidemiological and mortality data. Ident…
R. E. Bhingare, Prabha Khaire, Amol Parate
Introduction: Tuberculosis is India’s biggest public health problem, it has been estimated that nearly 500,000 People die of this disease every year. Vast majority of cases are found in rural and semi urban areas, where more than 80 % of the Country’s population lives. Amis and O…
Dhara Gosai, Jigar B. Gosai, Omprakash Shital Shukla
Background: Tuberculosis is the world's second leading cause of death from an infectious disease, being second only to AIDS. There is a lack of good data on the prevalence of all types of tuberculosis among children in India; most surveys have focused on pulmonary tuberculosis. T…
Dinara Adjablaeva
Latent tuberculosis infection is an asymptomatic condition in which patients carry the bacteria, but do not show any sign of illness, however they are at risk of disease activation at any time in the future. Understanding of influence of latent tuberculosis infection on the physi…
Dipa M. Kinariwala
Introduction: The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the most potent risk factor for Tuberculosis progression (TB). Surveillance of HIV among & TB patients has been recognized to be important as the HIV epidemic continues to fuel TB epidemic. In those who are infected with…
Francis Farai Chikuse, Loveness Dzikiti, Auxilia Chideme-Munodawafa, Talkmore Maruta, Greanious Alfred Mavondo, et al.
Background: Delayed tuberculosis (TB) treatment raises the rate of spread of bacilli in the population and increases mortality rates. Rapid diagnosis and early TB treatment initiation are crucial to successful outcomes and delays affect TB control programs. In Namibia, there is a…
Terry E. Robinson, Jane Scullion
Abstract This chapter covers the key facts about tuberculosis (TB), then goes on to describe the epidemiology and pathophysiology of the disease. Risk factors, and signs and symptoms, and investigations are all covered. The treatment phase and standard drug therapies are shown, a…
Fabiana Cristina Fulco Santos, André Luiz Alves do Nascimento, Laís Ariane de Siqueira Lira, Juliana Figueirêdo da Costa Lima, Rosana de Albuquerque Montenegro, et al.
… that helps on patient prognosis. It should be a concern of pediatricians when they come across chronic cases of back pain and arthralgia in endemic areas.
OECD, World Health Organization
Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death from an infectious disease in Asia-Pacific. In 2018, there were 10 million incident (new and relapsed) TB cases worldwide, 1.2 million deaths among HIV-negative people globally. More than 40% of new cases and almost half of deaths w…