Showing 1–25 of 120 documents
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Nora Engel
This chapter examines attempts to innovate TB diagnostics for the point of care, aimed at improving diagnosing in resource-constrained settings and cutting diagnostic delays. Drawing on ongoing and past fieldwork from global to local levels, the analysis contrasts challenges of e…
Rajesh Sarkar, Tadesse Shume, Tewodros Tesfa
…diagnosis of disease for many decades. Host biomarker-based diagnostics identify particular biological markers in a patient's body, such as proteins, metabolites, or nucleic acids that signify the existence, intensity, or kind of disease. Clinical diagnosis depends significantly …
Tobias Broger, Mark P. Nicol, Rita Székely, Stephanie Bjerrum, Bianca Sossen, et al.
Traditional diagnostic methods, such as culture or smear microscopy, are slow or low in sensitivity. More sensitive modern techniques, such as Xpert MTB/RIF, require a certain infrastructure, are costly, and are not widely accessible. Diagnostic accuracy was determined separately…
Balasundaram Revathi Mani, Usharani Brammacharry, Venkateswari Ramachandra, Muthuraj Muthaiah
…berculosis (TB) is a priority for global TB control. Molbio Diagnostics has developed the TrueNat point-of-care molecular assays for detecting TB and rifampicin (RIF) resistance. Until 2020, the Xpert system was the only WHO-recommended option for rapid molecular detection of bot…
Wida Purbaningsih, Sadeli Masria, Yani Triyani, Maya Tejasari
Diagnosing extrapulmonary tuberculosis remains difficult because not all medical care facilities can do it as the microbiological examination of tissue materials requires invasive action and special equipment. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis diagnosis should be made by observing clin…
Md. Abir Tazim Chowdhury, Munama Magdum
This chapter will discuss bronchopulmonary actinomycosis and our clinical recommendation with the literature review. Actinomycosis is a disease caused by filamentous Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria of the genus Actinomyces. It is a rare and slowly progressive infectious disease …
Shahista, Jappreet Kaur, Amit Kumar Singh, Vivek Kumar Garg
Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is described as tuberculosis that is not responding to one or more anti-TB medications. A person is diagnosed with DR-TB if they do not respond to regular TB treatment; then a more challenging treatment regimen and a longer treatment duration a…
Amy Dara Hochberg
Natives and immigrants need websites in their language hosted by their place of residence to improve health and reduce disease in the diverse community. The writer's word choices and attitude influence the reader's decision-making. This chapter examines the writer-reader relation…
Abhishek Yadav, C.P. Baveja, Tanisha Bharara, Vasim Ahmad
Tuberculosis causes morbidity in millions of people per year and is one of the top 10 causes of mortality worldwide. Though pulmonary TB is the commonest form, extra–pulmonary Tuberculosis (EPTB) carries its fair share of morbidity and mortality. The various extra–pulmonary sites…
Mayur Devraj
The objective was to add to and advance clinical knowledge as well as the effectiveness of diagnostic techniques for treating hydropneumothorax patients. Hydropneumothorax is an abnormal presence of air and fluid in the pleural space. Even though the knowledge of hydro-pneumothor…
R. Venkateswari, B. Usharani, P. Suganthi, M. Muthuraj
…berculosis even though remarkable progress has been made in diagnostics during the last decade. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used in the diagnosis of definitive extra pulmonary tuberculosis patients and to assess the performance of insertion sequence (IS) 6110-based PC…
Saskia Ricks, Claudia M. Denkinger, Samuel G. Schumacher, Timothy B. Hallett, Nimalan Arinaminpathy
In particular, urine-based tests aim to detect the mycobacterium lipoarabinomannan antigen, part of the outer cell wall of mycobacteria. It is less invasive to collect urine than sputum samples in clinical settings, with lower infection risk to healthcare workers. A test's epidem…
Ashfaque Ansari, L. V. Manjusha Bavisetty
This case highlights the importance of considering TB in the differential diagnosis of non-healing ulcers of the tongue in India, particularly in immune-compromised individuals and HIV patients. Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, It remains the most common infe…
Karl Waked
Background: Surgical site infections caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are increasingly reported in the literature. Mycobacterium Fortuitum is the one that is most frequently associated with surgical site infections. Case Presentation: We present our first case of Myco…
Roger Kolamou, Boubacar Sidy Sily Bah, Siba Kalivogui, Boubacar Diallo, Alpha Arsida Barry
The human immunodeficiency virus very often paves the way for tuberculosis. These two diseases form an association. The aim of this study was to carry out a retrospective study for the period 2018–2020 in order to determine the prevalence of tuberculosis and human immunodeficienc…
S. Jonathan Chapman, Grace V. Robinson, Rahul Shrimanker, Chris D. Turnbull, John Wrightson
Includes: Skin prick tests, Induced sputum, bronchial provocation testing.
Indu Verma, Khushpreet Kaur
…dwide millions of people suffer from TB and die every year. Diagnostics constitutes the most important component of TB control programme, and in recent years considerable progress has been made in the field of TB diagnosis. However, a rapid, cost-effective point-of-care (POC) dia…
Ruchi Nair, Pooja Thakur, Hitesh D. Patel
…he critical need for rapid and reliable point-of-care (POC) diagnostics. This chapter offers an overview of commonly used TB screening and diagnostic techniques, such as delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) release assays like QuantiFERON-TB Gold, enzyme-…
Tom Boyles
…en introduced and evaluated. It gives a brief history of TB diagnostics including difficulties encountered following the HIV pandemic then presents a seminal paper from 2010 describing the high diagnostic accuracy of Xpert MTB/RIF. The chapter then explains that appropriate diagn…
Ramya Gopinath, Suthandira Munisamy, M. Jeyadevasena, Jacobson Jeffrey, Elanchezhiyan Manickan
The conventional techniques like the Acid-Fast Bacilli (AFB) staining and smear microscopy employed for the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) have a significant disadvantage of poor sensitivity and the gold standard diagnostic method employing culture is time-consuming. This study w…
J. Lucian Davis
This chapter outlines key principles of diagnostic evaluation for tuberculosis (TB), then provide an overview of the role of the clinical history and physical examination in screening patients for active pulmonary TB. It discusses the sample collection for diagnostic testing, and…
Suman Kumar Jagaty, Swadip Mishra, C. Mohan Rao
Background: Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis is a milder form of the disease in terms of infectivity as compared to pulmonary tuberculosis. Diagnosis of Extra-pulmonary TB (EPTB) is a challenge. Aim: The study seeks to assess the sites of extra-pulmonary involvement during 2013-2017 …
Shweta Garg, Nisha Malik, Veena Sharma
Background: Splenic fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has been used as a diagnostic method since the turn of last century, with the first report being in 1916. It has the reputation of being dangerous & difficult to assess, but these prejudicial ideas are fundamentally w…
Siddhant Shetty, Priti Kambli, Camilla Rodrigues
Despite all the advances made in Tuberculosis (TB) diagnostics and therapeutics, the fight against this disease is far from over. The disease is now spreading faster due to rapid urbanisation and close clustering. Added to this is the new problem of drug resistance, its early dia…
P Gunavathy, B. Usharani, Muthukumar Anbazhagi, R Venkateswari, B. Revathi Mani, et al.
It is crucial to rapidly and accurately diagnose tuberculosis (TB) to reduce morbidity, mortality, and the risk of transmission. A simple, cost-effective diagnostic test to rapidly detect M. tuberculosis in clinical samples is essential. We evaluated an in-house diagnostic test b…