Showing 1–25 of 200 documents
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Rafael Laniado-Laborı́n
Although the underlying general principles of management of tuberculosis are the same for all cases, there are certain special situations in which the treatment regimen must be modified. Uremia and post-renal transplant are both risk factors for tuberculosis due to the underlying…
Ayushi Sharma, Gyanendra Singh, Rahul Shrivastava
Tuberculosis is a global emergency. Despite two decades of intense research to understand and cure the disease, biological uncertainties prevail and hamper the therapeutic progress. Increasing incidences of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug resistant (XDR) Mycobacter…
Steven G Smith, Ruth Bowness, Jacqueline M Cliff
Host-directed therapy could potentially revolutionize tuberculosis control as an adjunct to traditional antibiotics for the treatment of tuberculosis disease and as a strategy to prevent disease progression following Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. The growing type 2 diabet…
Angélica Moncada Morales, María Teresa Herrera Barrios
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that represents a health problem in the world, with pulmonary tuberculosis (TBP) as the most frequent type of TB. This disease is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) that enters the host by inhalation. M. tuberculosis …
Richard G White, Gavin J Churchyard, Katherine C Horton, Andrew Fiore-Gartland, Marcel A Behr, et al.
Current licensure trials of new vaccines to prevent tuberculosis disease use bacteriologically confirmed symptomatic tuberculosis disease as the primary endpoint. Globally, the incidence of symptomatic tuberculosis disease is low, making licensure trials large, long, and expensiv…
Inayati Inayati, Qori’atul Putri Nurmala, Hasto Nugroho
Multidrugs Resistant-Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) caused by drugs resistant at least Isoniazid and Rifampicin Mycobacterium tuberculosis affects tuberculosis cases eradication efforts in the world.In 2014, 153 countries had reported MDR TB cases.MDR-TB can be caused by irregularity in t…
Vaishnavi Vivekanandan, Arun K, Sindhu Hasini Doredla, Harini Ramanujam, Ranjani Singaraj, et al.
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), remains a significant global health concern. While zoonotic transmission of M. bovis from cattle to humans is well documented, reverse zoonotic transmission of M. tuberculosis from humans to ca…
R. Harikrishna, Sanjula Jethwani, A T Rajeevan, A V Venugopalan
Introduction: The 2024 WHO Global Tuberculosis report labelled Tuberculosis as the leading cause of mortality amongst infectious diseases, surpassing COVID-19. Extrapulmonary manifestations account for almost 20% cases. Penile tuberculosis is a rare variant of genital tuberculosi…
Florence Mutua, Ruey-Chyi Su, Terry Blake Ball, Sandra Kiazyk
…ype I interferon-induced transcriptomic signature in active tuberculosis suggests a potential role for these interferons in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis. Comorbidities such as human immunodeficiency virus, diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosus, end-stage renal disease, and c…
Daniélle van Staden
…eatment. This chapter addresses two challenging conditions: tuberculosis of the female genital tract, which is the second most common manifestation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, and breast tuberculosis, a rare form of cutaneous tuberculosis. Both present difficulties regarding …
Barbara E de Bary, Marlies Heudobler, Alois Fürst, Kirsten Utpatel, Elisabeth Schuierer, et al.
**INTRODUCTION:** Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health issue, with extrapulmonary manifestations accounting for a notable proportion of cases. Perianal tuberculosis, however, is a rare presentation of TB, often leading to delayed diagnosis due to its nonspecific …
Roger Kolamou, Boubacar Sidy Sily Bah, Siba Kalivogui, Boubacar Diallo, Alpha Arsida Barry
…e human immunodeficiency virus very often paves the way for tuberculosis. These two diseases form an association. The aim of this study was to carry out a retrospective study for the period 2018–2020 in order to determine the prevalence of tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency …
Lynn Sosa, Lloyd N. Friedman
…he treatment facility. The usual therapy for drug-sensitive tuberculosis (TB) comprises four drugs for 2 months, dropping ethambutol once the organism is known to be sensitive to isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide; then continuing maintenance isoniazid and rifampin for 4 month…
Kashish Choudhary, Sana Tanweer, Mohd Zaid Choudhary, Sonam Grover
Tuberculosis (TB) is a health concern resulting in 10.8 million cases every year. In 2024, TB had the highest fatalities second only to COVID-19. Global TB management has become difficult due to rise of multi-drug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB. Therefore…
Heinke Kunst, Dominik Zenner, Giovanni Sotgiu
…bold> Kunst H, Zenner D, Sotgiu G. How do migrations affect tuberculosis burden? Tuberculosis control among migrant populations. <italic>In:</italic> García-Basteiro AL, Öner Eyüboğlu F, Rangaka MX, eds. The Challenge of Tuberculosis in the 21st Century (ERS Monograph). Sheffield…
Pooja Khandelwal, Neelam Yadav, Arzoo Saini, Neelam Singh Sangwan
Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the most serious and deadly infectious diseases worldwide. Despite being preventable and curable, it is responsible for increasing the annual fatality by millions. The situation is even more alarming in the developing nations, where TB ranked in t…
Rajita Bhavaraju, Bruno Andrade, Suzanne Siminski, Soyeon Kim, Mark Hatherill, et al.
**BACKGROUND:** Clinical tuberculosis (TB) research has been hampered by a lack of reliable predictors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection progression and active TB treatment's cure, relapse, and failure. Given host and bacterial variability, large sample sizes from harmonize…
Carlos Martín, Jesús Gonzalo-Asensio, Nacho Aguiló, Ainhoa Arbués
Despite major advances in diagnosis and treatment, tuberculosis (TB) control - and ultimately elimination - will remain unachieved without a vaccine capable of preventing pulmonary disease and transmission. Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), a live attenuated vaccine derived fro…
Tonino Alonzi, Elisa Petruccioli, Alessandra Aiello, Federica Repele, Delia Goletti
Tuberculosis (TB) remains the leading cause of death worldwide from a single infectious disease. An estimated quarter of the world's population, about 2 billion people, has an immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) without clinical, microbiological, or radiological s…
Venus Marie R Rojas, Michaela Zwyer, Selim Bouaouina, Daniela Brites, Sonia Borrell, et al.
The Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) phylogenetic lineages 1-4 (L1-L4) are the main causes of human tuberculosis (TB). Until now, most of the focus in the TB field has been on MTBC L2 and L4, as these two lineages are geographically widespread and have been repeatedly as…
Radha Gopalaswamy, Gowsalya Saminathan, Vasudevan Manoharan, Siva Kumar Shanmugam
Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is one of the oldest diseases known to humanity, with evidence of its existence dating back thousands of years. Despite the availability of effective treatments, TB causes morbidity and mortality globally, with special …
Ryan Dinkele, Sophia Gessner, Andrea McKerry, Bryan Leonard, Ronnett Seldon, et al.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), is the leading infectious killer globally, claiming 1.4 million lives annually. TB control is heavily predicated on treatment of active disease. However, delayed and missed diagnoses, and the six-month du…
Muhammad Imran Qadir, Faryal Batool
Tuberculosis is a bacterial disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and can adversely affect the lungs and other parts of the body. It can be easily transmitted and can even cause death if not treated on time. In a report by WHO 10.4 million people were infected with TB in 2…
Emily Lai-Ho MacLean, Kyung Hyun Oh, Kalpeshsinh Rahevar, Carl-Michael Nathanson, Alexei Korobitsyn, et al.
**BACKGROUND:** Timely, accurate tuberculosis (TB) diagnostics and strong laboratory networks are critical for providing high-quality TB care. In the Western Pacific Region, available resources, TB burdens, and access to TB testing vary dramatically between countries. To understa…
Kyung Hyun Oh, Alvin Kuo Jing Teo, Manami Yanagawa, Avinash Kanchar, Dennis Falzon, et al.
**BACKGROUND:** Tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) can avert progression from infection to disease, yet scale-up across the World Health Organization Western Pacific Region is patchy. To guide acceleration, we assessed progress, challenges and responses in seven high-burden …