Showing 101–125 of 200 documents
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National University Hospital, Singapore
… inhibition using doxycycline, a widely available and cheap drug, in addition to standard TB treatment, compared with standard TB treatment alone, improved murine survival (Manuscript in preparation). The investigators previously showed that in humans with pulmonary TB, doxycycli…
Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics, Switzerland
…eatening disease partly due to increasing incidence of multidrug and extensively drug-resistant TB. Diagnostic based on culture and conventional drug susceptibility testing using media take several weeks leading to prolonged periods of ineffective therapy and ongoing transmission…
Nicole Salazar-Austin, MD
Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) currently recommends household contact investigation for new tuberculosis (TB) patients in low- and middle-income countries, with an emphasis on pediatric contacts. Although the aim of this policy is to find previously undetected TB…
Lorenzo Guglielmetti, MD, Carole Mitnick, Sc.D
…nd safety of two new, all-oral, shortened regimens for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) with fluoroquinolone resistance. This is a Phase III, randomized, controlled, open-label, multi-country trial evaluating the efficacy of new combination regimens for treatment of flu…
Angella Musiimenta, PhD
…ion adherence can lead to treatment failure, development of drug-resistant TB, and secondary transmission. Importantly, treatment for multi-drug resistant (MDR) tuberculosis is difficult to tolerate, prolonged, and expensive. Uganda currently spends US$105 (on transport refund a…
Wafaie W Fawzi, MBBS, MPH, MS, DrPH
India has the highest incidence of and mortality from multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) globally. Vitamin D status may be an important determinant of MDR-TB infection and treatment outcomes; however, observational evidence is insufficient to support its use as an adjunct…
Charles Horsburgh, MD, Payam Nahid, MD
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is tuberculosis (TB) that is resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampicin, the two most important anti-TB drugs. It occurs in 3.6% of newly diagnosed TB patients in the world and 17% of patients who have been previously treated. In 2017…
Concepta A Merry, PhD
… infection in Uganda. Triomune is manufactured by a generic drug company and consists of three drugs combined in a single pill given twice daily (stavudine 30mg plus lamivudine 150mg plus nevirapine 200mg). It is known that the levels of nevirapine in a patient's blood are highe…
Edmund K. Waller, MD, PhD, FACP
…in, pyrazinamide (PZA), isoniazid (INH) and ethambutol) for drug-sensitive TB. With existing anti-tubercular drug therapies, treatment of drug-susceptible TB takes at least 6 months and success rates for multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug resistant T…
Per Björkman, M.D., Associate professor, Taye Tolera Balcha, M.D., Erik Sturegård, M.D., Ph.D., Patrik Medstrand, Professor
…) and ART. Combined ART and ATT is associated with risks of drug interactions, overlapping side effects, immune reconstitution disease and poor adherence, but at least in patients with severe immunodeficiency, these risks are outweighed by decreased mortality (7-9). Studies perfo…
Marco Schiuma, Souleymane Hassane Harouna
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) poses a significant challenge to global public health. Globally, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates the number at 400,000 patients with MDR-TB for 2023. Only 44% were diagnosed and put on treatment, the therapeutic success rat…
Wenhong Zhang, PhD
…osis from all patients with active tuberculosis and analyze drug resistance to evaluate the homology and drug-resistant transmission pattern of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Stellah Mpagama
…ol, including development of shorter treatment regimens for drug susceptible (DS) and multi-drug resistant / rifampicin resistant (MDR/RR) forms of the disease. This protocol seeks to conduct the TB clinical trial combining the 8-methoxyfluroquinolone and optimised dose of rifam…
Christoph Lange, Professor
…ing to determine if the bacillus is resistant to any of the drugs used for treatment. Additionally, children initiated under TB treatment will be followed-up during treatment to measure blood biomarkers for outcome prediction. Finally, spirometry will be performed longitudinally …
Maastricht University
…isk environment for TB transmission \[6\]. The emergence of drug-resistant TB has also made TB control efforts very complicated in prisons. \[7\]. If untreated, prisoners with drug-resistant TB will be an additional health hazard for fellow prisoners and staff \[8\]. Furthermore,…
Mailing Huang, Yujin Wang, Tao Chen, Yu Lu, Naihui Chu, et al.
… 0.008). Blood concentrations were higher than CSF for both drugs at all time points. No serious drug-related adverse events occurred. Contezolid effectively penetrates the blood-CSF barrier in TBM patients, achieving CSF concentrations above the MIC for Mtb. Although its CSF exp…
Adrian Martineau, PhD
…%. Preventive therapy (e.g. a 6-month course of the anti-TB drug isoniazid) is effective in reducing risk of progression from LTBI to active TB. Global roll-out of preventive therapy will be required to achieve the World Health Organization target of TB elimination by 2050, but t…
Helen Ayles, Professor
…HCF) and were treated with standard 6-month TB regimens for drug-susceptible TB and referred for treatment according to national guidelines if they had drug-resistant disease. All TB treatment was provided by government HCF. All HIV positive individuals who presented to the clini…
Sophia B Siddiqui, M.D.
…, where the disease is endemic. Furthermore, rates of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) TB are estimated to be over 5 percent of the incident cases globally and extremely drug-resistant (XDR) TB rates are on the rise. These statistics highlight the need for new and improved diagnostic t…
Muhammad Shahzad
…of the most difficult to treat infections that require multidrug therapy for prolonged periods, in most cases 6-9 months. Treatment failure is still common and frequently observed (even where adherence to antibiotic therapy is maintained) in 15% of drug-susceptible infections and…
Mohd Fazeli bin Sazali, MD, MPH
…nt outcome, such as the increased risk of relapse, acquired drug resistant TB, treatment failure, progression of disease leading to complication, risk of death, and ongoing transmission of disease in the community. Adherence to TB therapy is critical for the success of TB treatm…
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
…ent is critical for reducing transmission, the selection of drug-resistant strains and treatment costs. Mobile health interventions promise to increase treatment success, especially in regions where directly observed treatment (DOT) is impractical. The most promising intervention…
Chaisson R
… help in increasing compliance. In addition, the use of two drugs (rifampin / pyrazinamide) may help overcome problems with drug resistance. If this study shows equal or greater effectiveness of the two-month rifampin / pyrazinamide treatment, it could alter the approach to tuber…
Blanca Restrepo, PhD
…t. Global challenges to tuberculosis (TB) control are multidrug resistance TB (MDR-TB) and the increased susceptibility of populations such as elderly, those with HIV infection, type 2 diabetes and other immunosuppressive chronic diseases. The first primary study objective is to…
Gavin Churchyard, PhD, MD, Annelies Van Rie, PhD, MD, Rob M Warren, PhD, Salome Charalambous, PhD
…ermine the effectiveness of a Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) Drug Sensitivity Testing (DST) strategy to guide individualised treatment of rifampicin resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) patients. The primary objective is to determine the effectiveness of this WGS DST strategy in patien…