The Global Resurgence of Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic airborne infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Despite being preventable and curable, TB remains a major global public health burden, particularly in developing nations. It typically affects the lungs but may involve almost any organ system. The disease exists in two forms: latent and active. Diagnosis relies on clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, and imaging technologies. Standard treatment includes first-line anti-tubercular drugs for an extended duration under strict adherence. However, challenges such as multidrug-resistant TB, co-infection with HIV, delayed diagnosis, and socioeconomic barriers hinder control efforts. Continued research toward powerful vaccines, rapid diagnostics, and shorter drug regimens is essential for TB elimination.