Clinicopathological features of granulomatous inflammatory lesions

Aim: To evaluate the clinicopathological features of granulomatous inflammatory lesions through a retrospective analysis, emphasizing the importance of early and accurate diagnosis for timely treatment and improved prognosis. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed archived data (1953–2022) approved by the Research Ethics Committee (CAAE: 5.429.194). Samples with clinical and histological diagnoses of granulomatous lesions, nonspecific chronic inflammations, paracoccidioidomycosis, leishmaniasis, and tuberculosis were included. Initially, 88 cases were identified, and 28 cases met inclusion criteria after exclusions. Results: Granulomatous lesions predominantly presented as irregular ulcers (67.9%), located mainly on the tongue (32.1%), erythematous (46.4%), and symptomatic (50.0%). Histologically, lymphocytes and macrophages were present in all cases, while Langhans-type and foreign body-type giant cells appeared in 69%, and caseous necrosis was observed in 32%. Conclusions: Biopsy is essential for diagnosing oral lesions. Understanding the prevalence and clinicopathological features of granulomatous inflammatory lesions is critical for developing preventive measures and effective treatment strategies which directly influences the individual’s prognosis, particularly considering the potential burden of these diseases.