Factors related to death of patients with tuberculosis in a tertiary care hospital: a descriptive observational study

Context: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health issue, with a mortality of 23 per lakh population despite treatment efforts. Identifying factors contributing to TB-related deaths is essential for improving outcomes. Aims: This study aims to identify factors associated with TB-related mortality in patients undergoing anti-tubercular drug (ATD) treatment at a tertiary care center in West Bengal, India, from April 2024 to February 2025. Settings and design: A descriptive observational study was conducted at a tertiary care center, including 45 TB patients who died during ATD treatment. Methods and material: Data were collected from hospital records, TB treatment cards, death review forms, and minutes of TB death surveillance and review meetings. Factors like demographics, TB type, comorbidities, and treatment delays were analyzed. Statistical analysis used: Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to analyze associations between factors and TB-related mortality. Results: Of the 45 patients, 16 (35.56%) died from TB-related complications. Significant associations were found between prior ATD intake (odds ratio = 24.939 [95% confidence interval 1.437–432.768], P = 0.027) and age (median age 54 years vs. 36.5 years, P = 0.010) with mortality. No significant relationships were found with gender, TB type, comorbidities, or treatment delay. Conclusions: Prior ATD intake and older age were key factors in TB-related mortality, highlighting the need for targeted monitoring of high-risk patients. Further research is needed to explore additional contributing factors.