ORGANIZATION OF TUBERCULOSIS DETECTION IN RUSSIA IN THE CONTEXT OF REDUCING ITS INCIDENCE, 2014-2023

Significance. Currently, the incidence of tuberculosis in the subjects of the Russian Federation is variable and its range ranges from ≤ 40 to ≥ 100 per 100,000 population. At the same time, the share of subjects of the Russian Federation in which the incidence of tuberculosis is low (less than 40 per 100,000 population) is 70.8% of their total number. These include all the subjects of the Russian Federation located in the Central Federal District, including the Kaluga Region. Purpose. To study the dynamics and interdependence of tuberculosis incidence rates in the Central Federal District and the Kaluga Region for the period from 2016 to 2023. Materials and methods. Information from the Federal Statistical Observation form No. 8 and Rosstat population data for Russia, the Central Federal District and the Kaluga Region for 2016-2023. The StatTech v program was used for the analysis.2.8.8 (developed by Stattech LLC, Russia). Results. In the Central Federal District in 2023, the incidence of tuberculosis decreased by 50.88% compared to 2016 and its value reached 17.4 per 100,000 population, which was 1.7 times lower than the national value. The trend of tuberculosis incidence in the Kaluga Region in 2016-2023 largely corresponded to that in the federal district: in 2016-2019, its values were higher than in the district, and by the end of 2023 they decreased to 16.6 per 100,000 population, which was lower than in the district. Positive changes in the dynamics of tuberculosis incidence among men in the federal District and the Kaluga Region were synchronous, and its values in 2023 were 25.7 and 26.3 per 100,000 population. The incidence of tuberculosis among women in the Federal District and the Kaluga Region during 2016-2023 was 2.5 and 3.3 times lower than among men and in 2023 was 10.3 and 8.0 per 100,000 population. The presence of positive changes in the tuberculosis epidemic situation in the Central Federal District and the Kaluga Region was confirmed by episodic cases of tuberculosis among people aged < 17 years and 18-24 years, and their greatest accumulation among people aged > 45 years, as well as a low incidence of tuberculosis among women. The structure of newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients was dominated by males, whose share in 2023 in the Central Federal District and the Kaluga Region was 68% and 75%. Given the current situation, males aged 35-44 and 45-54 should be a priority group in conducting annual population examinations aimed at early detection of tuberculosis. Conclusions. The results of the study can be used in planning organizational measures aimed at early detection of tuberculosis among the population of federal districts and subjects of the Russian Federation, where the incidence of tuberculosis is decreasing from year to year. Keywords: tuberculosis incidence; indicators of the dynamic range of tuberculosis incidence; age and sex structure of patients with tuberculosis