ORGANIZATION OF TUBERCULOSIS DETECTION IN RUSSIA IN THE CONTEXT OF REDUCING ITS INCIDENCE, 2014-2023

Significance. In the first twenty years of the XXI century, the incidence of tuberculosis in Russia steadily decreased and in 2023 its value was 29.6 per 100,000 population. At the same time, periodic examinations aimed at early detection of tuberculosis among the population do not lose their relevance. The annual increase in the population's coverage of checkups did not lead to a proportional increase in the proportion of identified tuberculosis patients. The reason for this situation was a two-fold decrease in the incidence of tuberculosis in Russia over the past ten years, from 60.5 to 29.6 per 100,000 population. Purpose. Evaluation of the effectiveness of periodic examinations aimed at early detection of tuberculosis among the Russian population in the context of a decrease in the incidence of tuberculosis in 2014-2023. Materials and methods. Data from federal statistical observation forms No. 8, No. 33, No. 30 and Rosstat data on the population of Russia, for 2014-2023. The StatTech v program was used for the analysis. 4.1.0 (developed by Stattech LLC, Russia). Results. In Russia, in the last decade (2014-2023), the proportion of the population covered by examinations has increased annually and in 2023 amounted to 76.1%. The proportion of the population (≥ 18 years old) who were examined using the fluorography method also increased and in 2023 was equal to 56.2%. The annual increase in the population's coverage of checkups did not lead to a proportional increase in the proportion of identified tuberculosis patients. The reason for this situation was a two-fold decrease in the incidence of tuberculosis in Russia over the past ten years, from 60.5 to 29.6 per 100,000 population. During the same time, the number of subjects of the Russian Federation with a low incidence of tuberculosis has increased (<40 per 100 thousand population). In 2023, 63 regions of the Russian Federation registered a low incidence of tuberculosis, which accounted for 70.8% of their total number. This was reflected in the values of the tuberculosis detection index, which during this time decreased from 0.4 to 0.2 tuberculosis patients per 1,000 examined persons, that is, the effectiveness of mass examinations began to decrease gradually, but did not lose its relevance. In order to increase the effectiveness of examinations, there is an urgent need to focus them on those population groups that have an increased risk of tuberculosis disease. Conclusions. Currently, in Russia, maintaining high coverage of the population with periodic examinations aimed at early detection of tuberculosis remains relevant. Keywords: periodic examinations aimed at early detection of tuberculosis among the population; the incidence of tuberculosis; post-mortem diagnosis of tuberculosis; and groups at increased risk of tuberculosis disease