Erythema Multiforme as a Rare Adverse Reaction to First-Line Anti-Tuberculosis Therapy: A Case Report

Cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADRs) due to anti-tuberculosis therapy (ATT) are uncommon but clinically significant, ranging from mild rashes to severe hypersensitivity reactions. We report the case of a 55-year-old woman diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis, initiated on fixed-dose ATT under the National Tuberculosis Elimination Program (NTEP). After one month of therapy, she presented with high-grade fever, generalized rash, dyspnea, and respiratory failure. Skin biopsy confirmed erythema multiforme. The patient improved upon withdrawal of ATT and administration of corticosteroids. Erythema multiforme, though rare, should be considered in patients presenting with systemic symptoms and cutaneous manifestations during ATT. Early recognition and prompt dermatologic evaluation are critical.