New advances in paediatric drug-resistant tuberculosis

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) in children presents unique treatment challenges due to limited paediatric formulations, drug toxicity concerns, and gaps in clinical research. Recent advancements have introduced improved diagnostic tools and novel treatment regimens, enhanced outcomes, and reduced treatment duration. This study reviews the latest developments in medicine options for paediatric DR-TB in South Africa, focusing on new and repurposed drugs. Additionally, the development of dispersible paediatric formulations has improved drug administration and adherence. Despite these advancements, challenges remain with respect to access and the adaptation of treatment guidelines for children.