Influence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on the Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients with Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Retrospective, Single-Center, Real-World Study in China

Purpose To explore the influence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on the clinical outcomes of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and the factors that may affect outcomes. In addition, the treatment regimens of active pulmonary TB patients with or without T2DM were described. Methods This is a retrospective, single-center, real-world study conducted in the Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou (China), an urban hospital. This study divided 340 inpatients with active TB who received standard anti-tuberculosis treatment into the T2DM and control groups, with 61 patients in the T2DM group and 279 patients in the control group. The outcomes were the time to negative Mycobacterium tuberculosis sputum conversion and the rate of negative sputum conversion for tuberculosis bacteria at 2 months. Results The percentage of patients who received the isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol (HRZE) regimen was numerically lower in the T2DM vs control group (73.8% vs 79.6%), while the use of the isoniazid, rifapentine, ethambutol, and levofloxacin (HRftELfx) regimen was numerically higher (14.8% vs 9.7%). The median time to negative sputum conversion was longer in the T2DM group (median, 60.00 vs 52.00 days, P Mycobacterium tuberculosis conversion. Conclusion Patients with TB and T2DM had a longer time to negative sputum Mycobacterium tuberculosis conversion. In addition, being male significantly increased the risk of prolonged time to negative sputum Mycobacterium tuberculosis conversion.