Miliary Tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium smegmatis associated with invasive aspergillosis in a renal transplant recipient

Infections in renal transplant recipients (RTRs) carry great risk of morbidity-mortality, and the risk of graft loss. Concomitant infections, although common in immunosuppressed patients, should be highly suspected. The present case involves a RTR with opportunistic pulmonary co-infections caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTb), Mycobacterium smegmatis (MSm), and Aspergillus spp. While MSm can be a colonizing microorganism, we demonstrate that it can also be pathogenic.