Nanoparticles-based Therapeutic Approaches towards Resistant Tuberculosis with Advances in Drug Delivery Systems

Despite the significant progress made in the field of medical science and therapies, tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a leading cause of mortality and socioeconomic devastation for millions of individuals globally.This issue has been a persistent concern for humanity throughout recorded history and prehistoric times.The efficacy of tuberculosis treatment depends on several factors, including patient adherence to prescribed treatment regimens, malnutrition, smoking habits, comorbid conditions such as HIV, and insufficient supervision by healthcare personnel.These factors lead to the development of resistance against antituberculosis drugs.To overcome resistance, an investigation of carrierbased drug delivery systems is underway, exploring these advanced technologies' potential.Nanoparticles and nanoparticle-conjugated drugs reduce the drug dosage and duration of therapy significantly.These formulations exhibit enhanced drug bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy, even when administered at low therapeutic doses, because they evade phagocytic clearance, mucociliary mechanisms, and hepatic metabolism, and have efficient alveolar absorption.Additionally, it has the potential to minimize the duration of chemotherapy.Further studies may be conducted to investigate their adverse effects in animal models as well as in humans.