Review of Therapeutic and Diagnostic Innovations in Tuberculosis: Overcoming Drug Resistance with Integrated Approaches

Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, with drug resistance (DR-TB) emerging as a critical challenge in combating the disease.This article reviews recent innovations in therapeutic and diagnostic approaches to TB, with an emphasis on strategies aimed at overcoming drug resistance.We explore the updated World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for the treatment of DR-TB, including the incorporation of new drugs such as bedaquiline and delamanid, which have been shown to significantly improve treatment outcomes.In addition, we discuss emerging diagnostic technologies, such as GeneXpert and LAMP, which allow for the rapid and accurate detection of DR-TB, especially in resource-limited areas.Innovative therapeutic approaches, including the use of nanotechnology and immunomodulators, are also analyzed, highlighting their potential to transform the clinical management of TB.Finally, this article addresses the challenges of implementing these new technologies in resource-limited settings and proposes integrated solutions that combine therapeutic and diagnostic advances with personalized strategies for the effective management of resistant TB.