Factors Associated With the Discontinuation of Two Short-Course Tuberculosis Preventive Therapies in Programmatic Settings in the United States

Background The objective of this study was to investigate timing and risk factors for discontinuation of short-course tuberculosis preventive therapy (TPT) comparing directly observed 3-month isoniazid/rifapentine (3HP) vs self-administered 4-month rifampin (4R). Methods This was a subanalysis of a 6-month health department cohort (2016-2017) of 993 latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) patients initiating 3HP (20%) or 4R (80%). Time at risk of TPT discontinuation was compared across regimens. Risk factors were assessed using mixed-effects Cox models. Results Short-course TPT discontinuation was higher with 4R (31% vs 14%; P Conclusions TPT discontinuation differed by regimen, with distinct risk factors. Addressing social determinants of health within TPT programs is critical to enhance completion rates and reduce TB disease risk in marginalized populations.