Treatment Outcomes and Risk Factors of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients in Xi'an China, a Retrospective Cohort Study

Background Long-term regimens are widely used for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in North-West China; however, risk factors associated with the treatment outcomes are not well known. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of MDR-TB patients treated with longer regimen in Xi'an from 2017 to 2019. Risk factors associated with the treatment outcome were analyzed using multiple logistic regression. Results Of the 446 patients with MDR-TB included, 215 were cured, 84 completed treatment, 23 failed treatment, 108 were lost to follow-up, and 16 died. Unfavorable outcome risk factors were age >40 years (OR = 3.25, 95% CI = 2.12-4.98), male sex (OR = 2.53, 95% CI = 1.52-4.22), and re-treated tuberculosis (OR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.11-2.61), whereas poor treatment outcome risk factors were age >40 years (OR = 5.51, 95% CI = 2.52-12.07), fluoroquinolones not used in the regimen (OR = 3.31, 95% CI = 1.45-7.51), and smear-positive (OR = 4.0, 95% CI = 1.47-10.8). Conclusion In Xi'an, MDR-TB treatments with long-term regimens had low success rates, and age, sex, and tuberculosis treatment history were risk factors of MDR-TB treatment outcomes.