Associated Risk Factors for the Development of Extensively Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis in the First Level of Health Care: From a Public Health Perspective

To determine the risk factors associated with the development of extensively resistant pulmonary tuberculosis in the DIRIS Lima Sur, 2017. The type of research was observational, quantitative, analytical, retrospective case-control approach. The population consisted of 158 patients with MDR-TB treatment schedule between 2016 and 2017. The sample consisted of 24 cases diagnosed with extensively drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (XDR-TB) and 48 controls with MDR-TB. The survey was used for both groups (cases -controls) as a data collection technique and a questionnaire as an instrument. 5 risk factors associated with XDR-TB were identified. Among the internal factors associated at the bivariate level were: drug use, previous history of MDR-TB/TB treatment, having taken MDR-TB treatment for less than one year, history of failure to primary and individualized scheme for MDR-TB/TB (p<0.05); and the multivariate analysis confirmed the influence of the factor "history of failure to primary and individualized scheme for MDR-TB/TB". Among the external factors most associated at the multivariate level were: having a history of family contact deceased by XDR-TB/MDR-TB and extra domiciliary contact in the neighborhood deceased by TB (p<0.05) It was concluded that the factors associated with the development of extensively resistant tuberculosis are "failure to follow the primary and individualized MDR-TB regimen" and "history of deceased family contact with XDR-TB-MDR-TB".