Clinico-radiological profile of pulmonary tuberculosis among patients of diabetes mellitus

Introduction: India being Diabetic Capital with largest number of tuberculosis patients. Several studies have highlighted that Diabetes as a risk factor for TB. TB in Diabetic patients tends to have more cavitatary, bilateral, multiple lobe involvement. Hence We would like to highlight the varied pulmonary manifestations through our study. Methodology: Cross sectional study conducted at department of Respiratory Medicine, U.P.U.M.S., SAIFAI, ETAWAH with 220 patients. Pulmonary TB was diagnosed through history, examination, Sputum Microscopy and Chest X ray. Results and Discussion: Out of 220,154(70%) males & 66(30%). Maximum incidence of TB was seen in >50 years with peak incidence in 51-60 & 61-70 years. Symptoms noted were cough(94.55%),Fever(90%), Anorexia (52.73%), Loss of weight (50.91%), Dyspnea (43.64%), Haemoptysis (21.81%),night sweats (17.27%), Chest pain(7.27%). Sputum positive cases male (138/154) and female (54/66) with P=0.011.Cavity with nodule was present in 36.36% of patients and patients have normal chest x-ray is seen in 2.72% of patients. Conclusions: There was a linear relationship between duration of DM & TB incidence. Majority of our patients had poorly controlled sugars, suggesting that severe hyperglycaemia is associated with development of pulmonary tuberculosis. Lower lung field involvement was noted in 20.90% of patients. Early diagnosis and properly monitored treatment regimen is the only time proven answer.