Endovascular treatment of multiple tuberculous mycotic aneurysm: A case report

Rationale We present a rare case of multiple tuberculous mycotic aneurysm. Multiple aneurysms caused by tuberculosis (TB) are difficult to treat. Here, we discuss a treatment modality using a microcore stent graft. Patient concerns A 73-year-old man with pain in the back and on the right side of the chest associated with dry cough, presented with an inability to walk since 1-month. Diagnoses A diagnosis of multiple aneurysms caused by TB was made, based on computed tomography (CT) scan and positive T-spot and Xpert tests. Interventions We administered the empirical anti-TB regimen (pyrazinamide, isoniazid, rifampicin, and ethambutol) and performed endovascular repair using microcore stent graft. Outcomes The post-operative hemodynamic analysis indicated that the patient's aneurysms no longer had a risk of rupture, and blood flow in the major branches of the aorta had been maintained. However, the patient could not survive due to a pulmonary infection acquired during recuperation at a local hospital. Lessons For multiple tuberculous mycotic aneurysms, anti-TB therapy is inadequate and the microcore stent graft is a feasible option that can improve the hemodynamics in the aneurysms.