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Ortiz GJ, Delgado J, Ramírez T, Galeano MA, Barnafi N, et al.
Osteoarticular tuberculosis (TB) is an uncommon form of extrapulmonary TB that has the potential to damage joints and bones, generating long-term impairment. Mainly, the initial diagnosis of osteoarticular TB relies on clinical findings and imaging. When required, imaging can aim…
Jerry Tjoanatan, Tiene Rostini, Dewi Kartika Turbawaty
BACKGROUND Children are more susceptible to infection. Meningitis is an inflammatory reaction of the meninges which is characterized by an increased leukocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid. The incidence of childhood meningitis is still high and mostly caused by bacteria with high …
Abdul Khalid Qadree, Sachin Mahendrakumar Chaudhary, Anasonye Emmanuel Kelechi, Sushmita Pandey, Sandesh Dhakal
Background: Tuberculous meningitis is a critical public health issue in underdeveloped nations due to its high morbidity and death. Tuberculous meningitis with non-specific symptoms of the central nervous system in children needs to be assessed with great vigilance as delay in di…
Awuor SO
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis is detected more frequently in children than adults since the risk of lymphohematogen spread is high in young children. Tuberculosis may attack any organ in the body, including the lymph nodes and the central nervous system
Miguel Xavier Fernandes Pedro, Filipa Corda Teixeira Raquel, Augusto Carapeto Figueira Rodeia Joaquim, Filipe Marques Ribeiro Hugo, Luís Umbelino Ferreira da Silva João, et al.
Introduction: The overall incidence of acute septic arthritis is estimated to be 4–10 per 100,000 children in well-resourced countries. Staphylococcus aureus and respiratory pathogens are the most common causative agents. Only 3% of global tuberculosis (TB) cases were identified …
Mariana Sá Pinto, Marta Barros, Joana Da Silva Fernandes
Ocular tuberculosis is a clinical challenge due to heterogeneous presentation and difficulty in obtaining ocular samples for microbiology. The incidence is difficult to specify because it is almost exclusively a presumptive diagnosis based on epidemiology and concordant ophthalmo…
Tomohiko Ai, Li Jiang, Q B Liu, Yulong Bai, Yang Yang, et al.
The efficacy of HRZEL regimen is similar to conventional HRZE regimen in children with TBM, but with higher adverse effect. Prudentially evaluating the pros and cons of linezolid in the usage of drug-susceptible TB and carefully monitoring of linezolid associated adverse effects …
Amodini Lakshmeswar, Mamta N. Anand, M B Koujalgi
Background: In India, an estimated 220,000 children contract tuberculosis (TB) annually, yet the absence of a gold standard test hinders effective diagnosis and reporting of childhood TB. Objective: This study aimed to analyse the clinical profile of childhood tuberculosis, utili…
Bhanu Desai, Rushi N Patel, Yashvi Vijaykumar Dattani, Tamannaben Rameshbhai Ninama, Amay Himanshu Khara, et al.
Background: Global TB burden in India in children is about 2.2 lakh per year, among which pulmonary TB is most common presentation. Childhood TB contributes to about 10-20% of all TB in high burden countries and accounting for 8-20% TB related deaths. Children up to 14 years cons…
Kani Dayal Khare, Krishnendu Maiti
Abstract Tuberculosis secondary affects the genitourinary system, has vague symptoms, and is uncommon in children younger than 3–10 years. Renal thimble bladder (TB) damage, including renal failure and decreased bladder capacity, results from a delayed diagnosis. Here, we will di…
Meenakshi Wadhwani, Amit Kumar, Dhulika Dhingra, Hem Chandra Sati
Background: Tubnerculosis is Characterised by the presence of granuloma formation. The mode of spread of pulmonary tuberculosis is via airborne aerosol. This bacteria enters the lungs and leads to latent infection in susceptible hosts. Diagnosis is mostly presumptive in ocular tu…
Aleesha Prakash, Sneha Biju, Rini Rose Benny, N.K. Panicker, Amit P Jose
Paradoxical reactions are inflammatory responses that occur during effective anti-tubercular therapy (ATT), typically presenting as new or worsening lesions after an initial period of clinical improvement. These reactions are more commonly seen in extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPT…
Wen N, Zhao F, Zhu Y, Jia F, Wan C, et al.
Background Syringomyelia secondary to tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is rarely reported, and is usually a late complication. Acute development of syringomyelia following TBM is an exceedingly rare condition with only a few cases published in adults and no previous reports in childr…
Tainá Maia Cardoso
Meningitis can be caused by a variety of infectious agents, such as viruses,fungi and bacteria,and non-infectious agents. Those of infectious origin,caused by bacteria and viruses,are the most important from a public health point of view, due to the magnitude of their occurrence …
Mo S, Shi C, Cai Y, Xu M, Xu H, et al.
Background Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a devastating form of tuberculosis (TB) causing high mortality and disability. TBM arises due to immune dysregulation, but the underlying immune mechanisms are unclear. Methods We performed single-cell RNA sequencing on peripheral blood …
Helle OMB, Kanthali M, Ishtiaq S, Ambreen A, Purohit MR, et al.
Diagnosing extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is challenging. Immunohistochemistry or immunocytochemistry has been used to diagnose tuberculosis (TB) by detection of MPT64 antigen from various extrapulmonary specimens and has shown good diagnostic performance in our previous stud…
Kachuei M, Zare R, Sadr Z, Eghdami S
Background Tuberculosis ranks second as the most common cause of death among infectious diseases, preceded only by COVID-19, which can involve multiple organs. Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is known to have serious and atypical complications affecting the central nervous system, e…
Maria Fernanda Ortiz Jaramillo
Cutaneous tuberculosis (cTB) represents 1-2% of extrapulmonary tuberculosis [1] and is caused by the <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> complex (<i>M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. africanum, M. microti, M. canetti, M. caprae, and M. pinnipedii</i>).
Chen Q, Huang T, Zou L, Jiang L, Sun J, et al.
Background Tracheobronchial tuberculosis (TBTB) is a common form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis that affects the tracheobronchial tree. However, the mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Comparisons of clinical characteristics in various age groups can aid in the understanding…
Helle OMB, Kanthali M, Grønningen E, Hassan S, Purohit MR, et al.
Background Comorbidities complicate the management of tuberculosis (TB) and have become an essential part of the end TB strategy to eradicate TB. However, pulmonary TB has received the most attention, and little is known about the impact of comorbidities and other factors on outc…
González Saldaña N, Macías Parra M, Arias de la Garza E, Solorzano Morales S, Galvis Trujillo D, et al.
Primary rib cage tuberculosis (TB) is an infrequent form of presentation and represents 1% of all cases of osteoarticular TB. We report three cases of children who were previously healthy and who began with swelling of the anterior surface of the rib as initial manifestation of T…
Hakim A, Komaratih E, Zuhria I
Ocular tuberculosis in children poses significant visual risks and exhibits distinct characteristics compared to adults, necessitating careful diagnosis and management. This case illustration presents a 10-year-old girl with intermittent redness in her left eye. Despite initial t…
Ni'ami MA, Nurhayati D
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis , an infectious disease endemic in developing countries. Indonesia is ranked second only to India in terms of TB incidence in the world. TB generally manifests in the respiratory system, which can then spread …
Akshay Ghai, Neeraj Sharma
Tuberculosis is a chronic granulomatous bacterial infection caused most commonly by Mycobacterium species. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) of the mandibular condyle is rare and presents with alteration of the condylar morphology along with extra-oral swelling. EPTB can either …
Haiqiong Chen, Shi Gao, Li Li, Xufei Zhao, Guoqiang Zhao
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis is relatively rare, and osteoarticular tuberculosis involving the ankle joint is particularly uncommon. We report a 10.5-year-old, previously healthy male patient who initially presented to the trauma surgery department with a 2-month history of swelli…