Showing 51–75 of 200 documents
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A Abdelmoktader
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is an acid fast bacterium (AFB); it has tough cell wall and circular chromosome. It is transmitted through the airborne route and cause tuberculosis (TB). The distribution of tuberculosis is not uniform across the globe; about 80% of the populatio…
Guo XJ, Takiff HE, Wang J, Han GY, Fan YZ, et al.
Tuberculosis (TB) is generally considered a disease that principally afflicts the low-income segments of a population. In the Nanshan District of Shenzhen, China, with the economic transformation and a new Headquarters Economy (HE) emerging, there are now more cases in office wor…
Winter JR, Smith CJ, Davidson JA, Lalor MK, Delpech V, et al.
Background HIV is known to increase the likelihood of reactivation of latent tuberculosis to active TB disease; however, its impact on tuberculosis infectiousness and consequent transmission is unclear, particularly in low-incidence settings. Methods National surveillance data fr…
Abdelrahman Abdelmoktader
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is an acid fast bacteria (AFB), it has tough cell wall and circular chromosome. It is transmitted through the airborne route and cause tuberculosis (TB). The distribution of tuberculosis is not uniform across the globe; about 80% of the population…
Yew WW, Yoshiyama T, Leung CC, Chan DP
With the ageing population globally, tuberculosis (TB) in older people becomes a major clinical and public health challenge. In many Asian countries, especially those located in the eastern and southeastern parts of the continent, geriatric TB is a significant problem. TB in the …
Bullarbo M, Barnisin M, Vukas Radulovic N, Mellgren Å
Objective Studies on the prevalence of active tuberculosis (TB) and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among high-risk pregnant and postpartum women are few and prevalence is not well known. The methods used for diagnosing and treating TB and LTBI also differ both within and be…
Seonyeong Park, Kwan Lee
Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) remains an important public health issue, as individuals can harborwithout symptoms and later develop active disease. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors associated with LTBI positivity among tuberculosis (TB) contacts i…
Awad SF, Critchley JA, Abu-Raddad LJ
Introduction Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a leading driver of tuberculosis (TB) disease in TB-DM burdened countries. We aimed to assess the impact on TB disease of several intervention strategies targeting people with DM in India. Methods A previously validated TB-DM mathematical mo…
Nordholm AC, Holden IK, Hartling UB, Andersen PH, Lillbaek T, et al.
Background In Western Europe, most pediatric tuberculosis (TB) cases occur among immigrants; however, data are rarely stratified by first/second-generation immigrants and many cases may be preventable. Methods This was a nationwide study of children Results We identified 145 case…
Cifu Xie, Pengliang Yin, Linxin Song, Zi Xiong, Liqiong Bai
**WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS TOPIC?:** Tuberculosis (TB) is prone to cause clustered transmission in schools. **WHAT IS ADDED BY THIS REPORT?:** Following outbreak, the university conducted terminal disinfection of epidemic sites; however,was detected (including air condit…
Osorio-Chávez JS, Martínez-López D, Álvarez-Reguera C, Portilla V, Cifrián JM, et al.
Background/Objectives: Patients with rheumatic immune-mediated diseases (rheumatic-IMID) and latent tuberculosis (LTBI) are at an increased risk of developing active tuberculosis (TB); therefore, screening is recommended before starting biological treatment. The aims of this stud…
Ahmadi Ghezeldasht S, Soleimanpour S, Hedayati-Moghaddam MR, Farshchian M, Rezaee SA, et al.
One third of the world population has a history of exposure to the hepatitis B virus (HBV), and two billion people are infected with latent tuberculosis (TB). Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) is defined as the presence of replicative-competent HBV DNA in the liver with detectab…
Borges MASB, Cunha ID, Candini LH, de Souza VA, da Costa PSS
Detailed information concerning latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and treatment outcomes is scarce in Brazil. This retrospective cross-sectional study aimed to describe LTB treatment (LTBT) at a tertiary center in Central-West Brazil from 2017 to 2019. We recommended the use o…
White HA
Background: Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) reactivation amongst people living with HIV (PLWH) remains significant, despite HIV virological control. Methods: Four studies were undertaken. A UK survey of HIV clinicians determined current LTBI screening practice in PLWH. An ev…
Helen Ayles, Professor
… PopART HIV-modelling to ensure a consistent account of HIV epidemiology. To facilitate this, the underlying demographic/HIV/ART structure (currently 81 age categories, 2 sexes, HIV-uninfected + 7 CD4 categories for PLHIV, and 4 ART durations) and the HIV/ART natural history para…
Stein CM, Zalwango S, Malone LL, Thiel B, Mupere E, et al.
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains a major public health problem. Household contact studies identify children and adults along the spectrum from Mtb exposure to disease. In the Kawempe Community Health Study (conducted in Kampala, Uganda), 872 …
Chihota VN, Ntshiqa T, Maenetje P, Mansukhani R, Velen K, et al.
Background Despite high exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a small proportion of South African goldminers resist TB infection. We determined, among long-service gold miners i) the proportion who were TB uninfected and ii) epidemiological factors associated with being uninfec…
Michael Lauzardo, Meghan Nodurft-Froman
…, Tori Cowger and colleagues6Cowger TL Wortham JM Burton DC Epidemiology of tuberculosis among children and adolescents in the USA, 2007–17: an analysis of national surveillance data.Lancet Public Health. 2019; (published online Aug 21.)http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(19)301…
Shrestha S, Kendall EA, Chang R, Joseph R, Kasaie P, et al.
…ed a compartmental model that resembled TB transmission and epidemiology of a mid-sized city in India, the country with the greatest absolute TB burden worldwide. We modeled the impact of a one-time, community-wide screening campaign, with treatment for TB disease and preventive …
Isaac Mwangi Wangari
Mathematical models are widely used for understanding the transmission mechanisms and control of infectious diseases. Numerous infectious diseases such as those caused by bacterial and viral infections do not confer life long immunity after recovering from the first episode. Cons…
Vasilyeva IA, Aksenova VA, Kazakov AV, Kiseleva YY, Maryandyshev AO, et al.
Introduction The tuberculin skin test has significant limitations for use in individuals vaccinated with BCG. The presence in the genome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis of the RDI region, which is absent in the genome of Mycobacterium bovis BCG and most non-tuberculous mycobacteria…
Jose JS Sifuentes -Osornio, Dr, Martha MT Torres-Rojas, DCs
Researchers will evaluate the efficacy, toxicity, adherence and cost effectiveness of treatment with isoniazid or rifampicin in patients with diabetes mellitus type two (DM2) and latent TB (LTB). This is a collaborative study with participation from three national institutes (In…
MV Smilianska, AY Volianskyi, LA Sukhanova, NV Kashpur
In recent decades, great changes have taken place in the epidemiology of tuberculosis (TB), which are reflected in the change in the statistical indicators of the spread of tuberculosis, due to both the infectious and social nature of the disease. At the end of the 20th century, …
Lee PH, Fu H, Lee MR, Magee M, Lin HH
…ize the findings on the population-level impact of DM on TB epidemiology, with particular focus on low- and moderate-incidence settings. We conducted an updated review of studies on DM and active TB, and found 11 more cohort studies published after the previous systematic review …
Swartwood NA, Testa C, Cohen T, Marks SM, Hill AN, et al.
… available. Methods We developed a mathematical model of TB epidemiology linked to a web-based user interface - Tabby2. The model is calibrated to epidemiological and demographic data for the United States, each U.S. state, and the District of Columbia. Users can simulate pre-def…